GOUT 45D76B03-E398-425B-A55C-1F8BFB2E7E00

Definition Gout is a form of arthritis associated with hyperuricaemia whereby there is an over-secretion of uric acid from the body are deposited on the joints and connective tissue.

Pathophysiology

An inflammatory response occurs and there is a gout attack

Repeated attacks causes accumulation of sodium urate crystals

Urate crystals participate within a joint

These urate crystals are deposited in the peripheral areas of the body such as the toes, hands and ears

There is a sudden increases or decreases of serum uric acid levels

Causes

Excessive consumption of a high purine diet and alcohol

More common in men than in women between ages of 40-60

Genetic error in purine metabolism

Secondary to conditions leading to hyperuricaemia

Clinical Manifestations

Painful attacks usually start at night and may last for up to 7 days

The big toe is most commonly affected

Inflammation and swelling of the affected joints

Nursing care plan

Elevate and rest the affected joint and remove the weight of bedclothes

Administer non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs as prescibed

Encourage patient to maintain normal body weight

Apply cold compresses for pain relief

Encourage patients to restrict consumption foods high in purine and to limit alcohol intake.

Stages of GOUT

  1. Acute gouty arthritis
  1. Intercritical gout
  1. Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia
  1. Chronic tophaceous gout