GOUT 
Definition Gout is a form of arthritis associated with hyperuricaemia whereby there is an over-secretion of uric acid from the body are deposited on the joints and connective tissue.
Pathophysiology
An inflammatory response occurs and there is a gout attack
Repeated attacks causes accumulation of sodium urate crystals
Urate crystals participate within a joint
These urate crystals are deposited in the peripheral areas of the body such as the toes, hands and ears
There is a sudden increases or decreases of serum uric acid levels
Causes
Excessive consumption of a high purine diet and alcohol
More common in men than in women between ages of 40-60
Genetic error in purine metabolism
Secondary to conditions leading to hyperuricaemia
Clinical Manifestations
Painful attacks usually start at night and may last for up to 7 days
The big toe is most commonly affected
Inflammation and swelling of the affected joints
Nursing care plan
Elevate and rest the affected joint and remove the weight of bedclothes
Administer non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs as prescibed
Encourage patient to maintain normal body weight
Apply cold compresses for pain relief
Encourage patients to restrict consumption foods high in purine and to limit alcohol intake.
Stages of GOUT
- Acute gouty arthritis
- Intercritical gout
- Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia
- Chronic tophaceous gout