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Bal, M. 2017. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative -…

- - - - The characters compell us to read
      - character resembles a human being
      - complex systematic unit
      - reductable to actors through the process of abstraction
    - - resemble people = fabricated
        
        descriptions influenced by people's ideologies
      - most subject to projection and fallacies
      - character effects = forget that they're not real
      - risks reducing the narrative to pure realism
        
        psychological criticsm
        
        obscures charactersistics of modes of storytelling
        
        flattening
        
        distance oneself from this anthropomorphism
      - round vs. flat
        
        postmodern novels mock these categories
      - extra textual situation = ambiguity = reality is always some what a part of texts
    - - fixation process = determination
      - frame of reference
        
        never the same for each reader
        
        patterns of expectations
      - legendary vs historical characters
        
        characterstics makes them recognisable
      - traditionally determined structures/ limitations
        
        gender restrictions
      - names
        
        stereotypes
    - - qualities implied in the first meeting
      - repetition
      - relations with others
      - transformations
    - - ideological stances
      - similarities and oppositions
      - qualitfications = features attributed by a focaliser
        
        strength, diligence, flexibility
      - social and family roles
      - hierachy
      - synonymous characters
      - relations to other characters
    - - qualification = directly given by the character
      - qualification by function = implicit
        
        uncovering lies, revealing sectrets
      - descriptions, experiences
  - - - 3 senses
      - perspective, presentation, proximity
      - frame = space where character is situated
      - symbolic
    - - determination = frame of reference
      - familiar vs unfamiliar
      - freedom
      - specific characters vs general characters
      - foreground vs background
      - steady space = fixed frame
      - movement
      - space = site of memory
    - - fixed combinations = topos
      - character connected to space = possibilities
      - spaces influence moods
      - narrative rhythm
    - - indicative of space
      - action explicitely indicates space
- - - - some actors play no role in the structure of the fabula = do not undergo functional events
      - marsks cultural position
    - - actors have aims and intentions
      - structuralists model = actants
      - subject and object
      - emboidiment
    - - person who gets the object is the receiver
      - sender has the power
      - +ve or -ve power
      - receiver is the subject
      - opponent
    - - relationship between subject and object
      - power merges'
    - - suzjet or antisubjects
    - - determination or will of the subject
      - 3 kinds of subjects
    - - leading to further specification of actants