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實驗法─控制誤差 - Coggle Diagram
實驗法─控制誤差
Matching
Matching by Building the Extraneous Variable into the Research Design (調節法)
Matching by Yoked Control (以共軛控制來配對)
Matching by Holding Variables Constant (限群法)
Matching by Equating Participants (使參與者等化的配對)
Frequency Distribution Control (次數分配的控制)
Ad lib matching (穿插配對)
Precision Control (精確控制)
Control of Participation Effects
參與者效應
demand characteristics (要求的特徵)
positive self-presentation (正面自我表露)
inter-treatment interaction (處理間交互作用)
intra-treatment interaction (處理內交互作用)
如何控制參與者效應?
Deception (欺瞞)
Double Blind Placebo Model
Procedural Control (程序控制) or Control of Participant Interpretation
conccurrent verbal report(同時口語報告)
concruent probing
the thin-aloud technique
Solomon's sacrifice group
retrospective verbal report(回溯性口語報告)
●Unobtrusive observations (未闖入的觀察)
●Unobtrusive measures (未闖入的測量)
○Complete Participant
○Participant as Observer
○Observer as Participant
○Complete Observer
Control of Experimenter Effects
實驗者效應
如何控制實驗者效應?
Control of Experimenter Attribute Errors
Control of Experimenter Expectancy Error
The Blind Technique
The Partial Blind Technique
Automation (自動化)
Control of Recording Errors (觀察者偏差) :多位觀察者、雙盲技術、自動化
Counterbalancing (抗衡法)─
受試者
內
設計,平衡累進誤差(sequence effect)之方法
Intrasubject Counterbalancing 受試者
內
抗衡法 (
完全
受試者內設計)─一個人的資料,即可平衡order effect
ABBA設計
區內隨機法
全隨機法:適用於試行次數超多時
Intragroup Counterbalancing 受試者
間
抗衡法 (
不完全
受試者內設計)─
一個人的資料,不足以平衡order effect
完全
受試者
間
抗衡法:不只平衡order effect,且平衡carry-over effect
不完全
受試者
間
抗衡法:只有平衡order effect
Randomization (隨機化)