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The Americas (1200-1450) - Coggle Diagram
The Americas (1200-1450)
Humans and the Environment
Dry region (Chaco and Mesa Verde)
Both civilizations declined due to dry climate in 13th century
Tenochtitlan was founded on a swamp to protect it from attacks (Aztecs)
Cultural Developments and Interaction
Tribute
Human sacrifices for religious ceremonies (Mayans, Aztecs, Inca)
Polytheistic (Mayans, Aztecs, Inca)
Kings descended from a god
Gods were worshipped by rituals, feasts, and sacrifices
Inti (Inca Sun god)
Temple of the Sun
Animism (Inca)
A lot of inspiration for American civilizations based on the Olmec
Ancestry veneration (Inca)
Governance
Inca
Bureaucracy
Mit'a System (mandatory public service)
Pachacuti (tribal leader defined as "shaker" or "transformer"
Mayans
Tribute
City State
Aztecs
Tribute
Theocracy
City State
Provinces
The Great Speaker (ruler and divine representative of the gods, Aztecs)
Mississippian
The Great Sun (a chief)
Economic Systems
Tax payment in form of labor and payment in crops (Mayans)
Tribute (Mayans, Aztecs)
Mit'a system (Inca)
Social Interactions and Organization
Rigid social structure similar to caste system (Mississippian)
Ordered: The Great Sun, Priests and Nobles, Farmers and Hunters and Merchants and Artisans, Slaves
Men hunted, women farmed
Matrilineal Society (Mississippian)
Aztec social hierarchy ordered: The Great Speaker, Land-owning nobles, scribes and healers, crafts people and traders, peasants and soldiers
Pochteca (luxury traders)
Slaves were used in sacrifices
Inca collapsed due to a civil war, conquest from Spanish forces and disease
Technology and Innovation
Chaco
Stone and clay homes built into a cliff
Mesa Verde
Sandstone homes built into a cliff
Aztecs
Chinampas
Aqueducts
Canals
Mayans
Implication of 0
Accurate Calendars
Rubber
Hieroglyphics (only written language during the Classic Period)
Inca
Quipu
Carpa Nan (roadway system)
Waru Waru
Machu Picchu
Mississippian
Cahokia (area of mounds where buildings were built)