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Regulation of gene expression, anabolic operon, ✅ lactose =>…
Regulation of gene expression
Eukaryote
Genomic control
Changes in gene
lost, amplified, move
Histone protein acetylation
❤ transcription
DNA methylation
add
methyl group
at
CpG
>> Gene OFF
Transscriptional control
Positive mechanism
TAP
helix-turn-helix
Zinc fingers
leucine zippers
enhancer
loop == can trancription
some gene
have more than one promoter
Post-transcriptional control
RNA editing
alternative splicing
alternative polyadenylation site
Translational control
mRNA degradation
RNA interence
Post-translational regulation
degrade protein
tag with
ubiquitin
occur at
proteasome
Prokaryote
Operon
trp operon
genes
trp A
trp B
trp C
trp D
trp E
Transcription attenuation
leader peptide & attenuator
high tryptophan
hairpin loop 3-4
termination signal
❌expression
low tryptophan
hairpin loop 2-3
antitermination signal
✅ expression
Negative control
(Repression : biosynthesis)
🚫 tryptophan
Aporepressor
(inactive)
✅ tryptophan: repression
tryptophan =
co-repressor
prometer + operator + genes
lac operon
Negative control (induction)
🚫 lactose => repression (
OFF
)
Positive control (induction)
low glucose
adenyl cyclase = active
high cAMP
cAMP-CAP
>> inducer
catabolic
lac Z >> beta - galactotosidase
lac Y >> lac permease
lac A >> transacetylase
anabolic operon
✅ lactose => derepression (
ON
)
Allolactose
= inducer