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ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY - Coggle Diagram
ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY
DEFINATION - Adsorption chromatography is the oldest type of chromatography technique. It makes use of a mobile phase which is either in liquid or gaseous form. The mobile phase is adsorbed onto the surface of a stationary solid phase.
PRINCIPLE - Adsorption Chromatography involves the analytical separation of a chemical mixture based on the interaction of the adsorbate with the adsorbent. The mixture of gas or liquid gets separated when it passes over the adsorbent bed that adsorbs different compounds at different rates.
PROCEDURE / INSTRUMENTATION -
Stationary phase – Adsorbent is the stationary phase in adsorption chromatography. The forces involved help to remove solutes from the adsorbent so that they can move with the mobile phase.
Mobile phase – Either a liquid or a gas is used as a mobile phase in adsorption chromatography. Forces involved help to remove solutes from the adsorbent so that they can move with the mobile phase. When a liquid is used as a mobile phase it is called LSC (Liquid-Solid Chromatography). When a gas is used as a mobile phase it is called GSC (Gas-Solid Chromatography).
APPLICATIONS -
Adsorption chromatography is used for the separation of amino acids.
It is used in the isolation of antibiotics.
It is used in the identification of carbohydrates.
It is used to separate and identify fats and fatty acids.
It is used to isolate and determine peptides and proteins.
TYPES OF ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY -
Thin Layer Chromatography – It is a chromatography technique where the mobile phase moves over an adsorbent. The adsorbent is a thin layer which is applied to a solid support for the separation of components. The separation takes place through differential migration which occurs when the solvent moves along the powder spread on the glass plates.
Paper chromatography – It is a technique that uses paper sheets or strips as the adsorbent being the stationary phase through which a solution is made to pass is called paper chromatography. The solid surface of the paper is the stationary phase and the liquid phase is the mobile phase.
Column chromatography – the technique in which the solutes of a solution are entitled to travel down a column where the individual components are adsorbed by the stationary phase. Based on the affinity towards adsorbent the components take positions on the column. The most strongly adsorbed component is seen at the top of the column.
Gas-Solid chromatography – The principle of separation in GSC is adsorption. It is used for solutes which have less solubility in the stationary phase. This type of chromatography technique has a very limited number of stationary phases available and therefore GSC is not used widely
ADVANTAGES -
It has a wide range of mobile phases for the separation of compounds.
Adsorption chromatography is an important method to separate many components that are not separated by other techniques.
The complex sample mixtures can be easily separated by this method.
DISADVANTAGES -
Obtained results from some methods of adsorption chromatography are complex to reproduce.
This can cause catalytic variations.
Some solutes take retention time to separate this is a major disadvantage of adsorption chromatography.