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PARTITION COLOUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY - Coggle Diagram
PARTITION COLOUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
DEFINATION - The separation of components between two liquid phases viz original solvent and the film of solvent used in the column.
PRINCIPLE - he separation of the components from the sample mixture is carried out by the process of partition of the components between 2 phases. Both phases are in liquid form. In this process, the immiscible solid surface coated with the liquid surface on the stationary phase is in the mobile phase. The liquid surface is immobilised by a stationary phase which results in making it a stationary phase. The mobile phase moves from the stationary phase and components get separated. The separation depends on different partition coefficients.
PROCEDURE -
Take a clean and dry chromatography jar.
To make sure that the environment of the jar is saturated with solvent vapours, a paper impregnated in the mobile phase is set to the walls.
Add the mobile phase to the jar. Around 0.5 cm to 1 cm from the bottom of the jar.
Close the jar.
Allow attaining equilibrium.
Mark the baseline on the adsorbent.
Apply sample to the paper with the help of a capillary tube.
Air-dry the sample spot.
Place the paper in the jar and close it.
Allow the system to stand till the solvent moves to some distance from the baseline.
Take out the paper and dry it.
If the sample components are separated, showing colours, then dry them in ordinary light. If it is a colourless component, then dry it in a UV lamp.
Store the chromatogram
Calculate the Rf value.
TYPES - Liquid-liquid Chromatography – It is a chromatography technique where a sheet of blotting paper, is used instead of adsorption column. The components are separated based on their differential migratory velocities. On separating, they are stained to make the chromatogram visible.
Gas-liquid Chromatography – A chromatography technique in which the separation of the mixture is done by an inert gas along a tube. The tube is filled with finely divided inert solid. The solid is coated with a non-volatile oil. The migration of each component occurs at a rate determined by its solubility in oil as well as its vapour pressure.
APPLICATIONS -
To separate and identify amino acids.
To separate and identify tannins.
To separate and identify alkaloids.
To separate and identify carbohydrates.
To separate and identify glycosides
ADVANTAGES -
The partition chromatography technique can isolate both organic and inorganic compounds.
It saves time because in a short duration it separates compounds.
It provides high efficiency.
This technique provides accurate results.
DISADVANTAGES -
The high volume of the mobile phase is sometimes required for separation
Data cannot be stored long in certain types of partition chromatography.
Automation has made it more difficult and costly.
In gas-liquid chromatography, only volatile compounds can be separated