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Ting-Toomey Article 3, Process and Challenges - Coggle Diagram
Ting-Toomey Article 3
The Whats, Whys, and Whos of culture shock
Faced by all sojourners
Exchange and international students
Tourists
Immigrants
Global business professionals
Motivational orientation: shapes the culture shock experience by guiding openness
Instrumental goals: business or academic achievements
Socioemotional: personal and social goals
Mixed goal orientation creates best experience for all groups
Personal expectations
Realistic
Openminded
Consequences
Psychosomatic
Headaches
Stomach aches
Prolonged stress symptoms
Behavioral
Loneliness
Depression
Awkwardness
Cognitive exhaustion
Definition of home is fluid
Process and Challenges
How to get through the process
Understand challenges and acknowledge them
Give yourself space
Keep track of your goals
Develop ties and relationships
Reach out and participate to get through hostile stage
Everyone's process is unique and steps can be in different orders to you can go backwards
Cultural distance higher = more culture shock
Psychological adjustment: mental ability to adjust
Sociocultural adjustment: behavioral and social adjustment
Building of Intercultural Communication Adjustment
ABC Model
Cognitively
Flawed reasoning and comprehension
Unable to understand differences
Behaviorally
"bizarre" actions
Lack of understanding of norms
Unsureness of actions
Affectively
Worry
Disorientation
Confusion
Stress
Consequences of ABC model adjustments
U-Curve Adjustment Model
Initial adjustment
Honeymoon stage - everything is great
Crisis
Frustration and hostility - emotional upheavals
Early returners
Participators
Time servers
Rebound/humorous adjustment - laughing at mistakes
Regained adjustment
In-sync adjustment - feeling "at home"
Returning home
Ambivalence: sadness about leaving
Reentry culture shock: home culture differences
Identities change
Easy for forget problems back home
Can be emotional return
Resocialization - readjustment
Alienators - never feel at "home" again
Transformers: combine cultures
