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Exam 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - early branches
      - Hyperthermophilic prokaryotes
      - Proton motive force
    - - die in the presence of oxygen
      - no oxygen during metabolism
      - no oxygen during metabolism
  - - - Pyruvate final product that then enters
      - Fermentation
      - Aerobic respiration
      - Pyruvate final product that then enters
      - Fermentation
      - Aerobic respiration
  - - - photophosphorylation
    - - reductive citric acid cycle
- - - - Outer membrane &
        Inner membrane
        
        Location of oxidative phosphorylation
        
        Folded areas are cristae
      - Matrix
        
        Internal solution
        
        Location of the citric acid cycle
  - - - storing fat
    - - Outer membrane &
        Inner membrane
      - Grana
        
        Stack of thylakoids
      - Thylakoid reactions with proteins embedded in thylakoid
      - Stromal reactions within aqueous stroma
    - - Mainly from egg parent
      - Gymnosperms from sperm parent
  - - - Monosaccharide
      - Important for biological activity
      - Major building block of cellulose
      - Change in hydroxyl group at C1
    - - Insect exoskeleton
    - - Hair
      - Fingernails
  - - - Membrane-bound genetic material
      - Circular DNA vs chromosomes
      - Genome size
      - Cytoskeleton
      - Ribosome size
    - - Microfilaments
        
        Important for vesicle movement near membrane
        
        Actin
      - Intermediate filaments
        
        More permanent, fix things in place
        
        Dimers→ tetramers
      - Microtubules
        
        trackway for long-range movement of transport vesicles
        
        𝛂&𝛃-tubulin
  - - - Forming multiple organelles
        
        Plasma membrane
        
        Golgi body
        
        Endoplasmic reticulum
  - - - Synthesizing limited molecules
      - Origin basic metabolic pathways
      - Those less dependent on exogenous sources of nutrients
- - - - Electrons stripped from pyruvate and given to NAD+
  - - - (NAD)
      - NADH is the reduced form and can give up electrons
      - Vitamin Niacin helps to build
    - - Strong oxidizing agent
      - FAD is reduced to FADH2
    - - Electrons dropped off by NADH & FADH2
      - Electrons pass through ETC
      - Protons are pumped across the gradient
      - Oxygen is final electron acceptor
      - Chemiosmotic electrochemical gradient runs ATP synthase
      - Driving production of ATP
  - - - Glycolysis
      - Pyruvate oxidation
      - Citric acid cycle
      - Oxidative phosphorylation
  - - - Mitochondrial cristae
      - Prokaryotic cell membranes
      - Plant thylakoid membranes