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Hepatitis - Coggle Diagram
Hepatitis
Viral hepatitis
systemic, viral infection in which necrosis and inflammation of liver cells produce characteristic cluster of clinical, biochemical and cellular changes
Hepatitis B
Transmitted primarily through blood (percutaneous and permucosal routes).Can be found in blood , saliva, semen, vaginal, secretions, mucus membranes and broken skin .Can also be transmitted from carrier mothers to infants during time of birth or close contact aftereward. Incubation period is 70-80 days
Risk factors- close contact with carrier, frequent exposure to blood and blood products, IV/injection drug use , male homo sexual and bisexual activity and tatooing.
Clinical manifestations- arthalgia, rash, fever, loss of appetite, dsypespia, abdominal pain, general aching, malaise, weakness and hepatomegaly.
Assessment and Diagnostics- HBcAg, HBsAg, HBeAG, HBxAg, anti HBc, antiHBs, anti HBe, anti HBxAg
Medication management- administration of anti-viral agents entecavir and tenofevir.
Health promotion - avoid mutli dose vials in patient care settings, use barrier precautions in situations of contact with blood, recommend vaccination for persons at risk of infection.
Hepatitis A
cause- RNA virus of the enterovirus family. It is transmitted through faecal-oral route by ingestion of food or liquid infected with virus, during sexual activity more likely with oral-anal contact or intercourse and with multiple sex partners..Incubation period is estimated at between 2-6 weeks
Clinical manifestations- flu like symptoms, headache, malaise, fatigue, anorexia, dark urine, fever, jaundice of sclera and skin and tender liver.
Diagnostics and assessments- analysis of subclasses of immunoglobulins, HAV antibodies are detected in the serum.
Medical management- bed rest, nutritious diet, frequent small feedings and supplements
Health education- educate patients regarding safe practices of preparing and dispensing food. Encourage conscientious individual hygiene. Encourage proper community and home sanitation..Promote vacinnation.
Hepatitis c
Causes- blood transfusion and sexual contact , sharing contaminated needles by those who use IV/injection drugs and unintentional needle sticks.
Risk factors-children born to infected women, healthcare and public safety workers after need stick injuries or mucosal exposure to blood, multiple contacts with infected persons , multiple sexual partners, history sexual transmitted diseases and unprotected sex
clinical manifestations- arthalgia, rash, fever, loss of appetite, dsypesia, abdominal pain, general aching, malaise, weakness and hepatomegaly.
Medical management-combination of two antiviral agents, peginterferon and ribavin. Simprevir plus sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, sofosbuvir and ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir packaged with disabuvir.
Health promotion- advise avoidance of high risk behaviours such as IV drug use, avoid multi dose vials in patient care settings, use standard precautions in clinical care and use needleless IV and injection systems in health care.
Non viral Hepatitis
causes- exposure to some medications like acetaminphen, drugs, alcohol and toxins
Toxic hepatitis
Cause-medication.botanical agents,drugs
Treatment-Liver transplant, blood transfusion, therapy to restore and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
symptoms-aneroxia, nausea and vomiting,jaundice and hepatomegaly
Nursing management- comfort and support measures.proper assessment of history of exposure
Drug induced hepatitis
Cause-intake of acetamemophin, anaesthetic agents,medication for rheumatid and musculoskeletal diseases, anti depressants,psychotropic and anti convulsants
symptoms - abrupts onset with chills, fever, rash, pruritus, arthagia,anorexiaand nausea, jaundice,dark urine and hepatomegaly
Treatment-short course of high dose of corticosteroids and liver transplant