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(Epidemiology of Leptospirosis, RELAPSING FEVER, Manifestations of…
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RELAPSING FEVER
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Endemic Relapsing Fever
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Reservoirs: rodents, small mammals, soft ticks
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Disease: Typically, 1-week incubation period
Abrupt onset of shaking chills, fever, muscle aches, and headache, correlating bacteremia phase.
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LABORATORY Diagnosis
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The most definitive test today is PCR, but the access may be limited
Diagnosis and Treatment
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Culture, nucleic acid detection, serological tests:
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Borrelia species
Darkfield Microscopy
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Visible with Giemsa or Wright stains under light microscopy in peripheral blood smear (only from patients with relapsing fever)
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LYME DISEASE
Immune reactivity against B. burgdorferi may be primarily responsible for the clinical manifestations of Lyme disease.
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Leptospira (genus)
Thin, G(-), coiled spirochetes that grow slowly in culture.
Obligate aerobes with optimum growth at 28° C to 30° C in media supplemented with vitamins (i.e., B2, B12), long-chain fatty acids, and ammonium salts.
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Lyme Disease: First Report in Lyme, Connecticut
In 1977, a group of 39 children and 12 adults developed recurrent attacks of swelling and pain in a few large joints. Most attacks were for a week or less, but some attacks lasted for months. Twenty-five percent of the patients remembered they had an erythematous cutaneous lesion 4 weeks before the onset of their arthritis. ( Arthritis Rheum 20:7–17, 1977)
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