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Presuppositions - Coggle Diagram
Presuppositions
Inference
associated with
utterances
Speaker's assumptions
Types
Factive
certain verbs
indicate that something is a
fact
true
Ex. I'm glad it is over.
(>>it is over)
regret
realize
know
be
aware
glad
odd
Lexical
The speaker's use of a
particular expression
is taken to
presuppose another
unstated concept
Ex. You're late
again.
(>>You were late before)
Words like
Again
1 more item...
Assumption that
by using one word
the speaker can act
as if
another meaning
will be understood
Structural
Assumption associated with the
use of
certain words and phrases
For example: WH-question construction
presupposition
that the information after
WH-form
1 more item...
Ex. When did she leave?
(>>she left)
Types
Existencial
Entities named
by the speaker
are assumed to be
present
Assumption
of the
existence
of the entities
named by the speaker
Noun phrase
Possesive Constructions
Ex. Karla's purse is new.
presupposes that
Karla exists
and that
she has a purse
Ex. The pen was broken.
presupposes that
the existence
of the entities it refers to
the "
Pen
"
Counter-factual
what is presupposed
is not only not true, but is
the opposite of
what is true
Contrary facts
Conditional Structures
Ex. If I were rich I would travel around the world.
(>>I'm not rich)
Non-factive
assumption referred to
something that
it is not true
verbs like
dream
imagine
pretend
Ex. Peter pretends to be ill.
(>>he is not ill)