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CHEM - Coggle Diagram
CHEM
States of matter
The three states of matter are solids, liquids and gases
A substance can usually exist in all three states, dependent on temperature (and pressure)
State changes occur at the melting point (solid to liquid, liquid to solid) and at the freezing point (liquid to gas and gas to liquid)
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In this model, the particles are represented by small solid spheres
Summary of the Properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases
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calculations
Empirical formula
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You can work out the proportion of each ion in a compound. The empirical formula of an ionic compound is the simplest ratio of ions possible.
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Bonding
Covalent bonds
Covalent bonds are formed when 2 non-metal atoms share pairs of electrons. Covalent bonds are strong because the shared electrons are attracted to the nucleus of both atoms.
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Ionic bonds
When atoms form ions, they try to fill up or empty their outer electron shell. In ionic bonding, a metal atom transfers electrons to a non-metal atom, allowing both of them (the metal and non-metal) to have a full outer electron shell.
Periodic table
The periodic table is an ordered arrangement of all 118 known elements. The elements are arranged in order of the atomic number (number of protons). Every time you move an element to the right, the proton number increases by 1.
Metals and non Metals
When metals react, they lose 1 or more of these negatively charged electrons from positively charged ions.
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Dot and cross diagrams can show electrons being transferred and ions being formed. Dots represent electros from 1 and crosses represent electrons from the other atom. Square brackets and a charge (e.g 2+) represent ions.