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Cardiovascular system disorders - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular system disorders
Congenital heart defects
Are malformations of the heart or it's major blood vessels that are present at birth
Causes
Viral infections during pregnancy
Nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy
Excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy
Using drugs during pregnancy
Clinical manifestations
Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
Blue skin, lips and fingernails (cyanosis)
Shortness of breath
Feeling tired very quickly with activity
Swelling of body tissue or organs (edema)
Nursing management and interventions
Assess heart rate and blood pressure.
Note skin color, temperature, and moisture.
Check for peripheral pulses, including capillary refill.
Assess for reports of fatigue and reduced activity tolerance.
Inspect fluid balance and weight gain.
Assess heart sounds for gallops (S3, S4).
Monitor electrocardiogram (ECG) for rate, rhythm, and ectopy.
Pathophysiology
Flow across the defect occurs in both systole and diastole
Flow is predominantly left to right, but transient right-to-left shunts are common, particularly with isometric strain.
The bulk of the shunt flow occurs during diastole