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NUCLEIC ACID, Dương Thiện Ân - 21187202, Nguyễn Khắc Nam - 21187237, Lê Vũ…

- - - - A nitrogenous base
        
        Purine
        
        Adenine
        
        Large, has six-membered ring and five-membered ring fused together
        
        Guanine
        
        Pyrimidine
        
        Small, has one ring with six atoms of carbon and nitrogen
        
        Cytosine
        
        On both DNA and RNA
        
        Thymine
        
        Only on DNA
        
        Uracil
        
        Only on RNA
      - A pentose ( sugar contain 5 carbon atoms)
        
        In DNA, it is deoxyribose because it has one less oxygen molecule than ribose
        
        In RNA , it is ribose
    - - Nucleotide contain three phosphate groups but only one remain when it attach to DNA
      - Attach to the 5' carbon of pentose
- - - - is the result of nucleotides are link together by phosphodieste linkage
        
        The phosphodieste linkage
        
        A phosphate group of this nucleotide attaches to the sugar of another (via dehydration reaction)
      - Two free ends
        
        5' end: Has a phosphate group is linked to 5' carbon of sugar
        
        3' end: Has a hydroxyl group of the sugar at 3' carbon
        
        The directionality of polynucleotides is from 5' end to 3' end
    - - Is unlimited
      - Every gene has a distinctive sequence which provide particular information to the cell
      - Determines the sequence of amino acids in protein
        
        Amino acid sequence decides 3D structure of protein, which allow protein to perform its function