Hydronephrosis image
Definition
Hydronephrosis is swelling of one or both kidneys
Kidney swelling happens when urine can't drain from a kidney and builds up in the kidney as a result.
Causes
Kidney swelling happens when urine can't drain from a kidney and builds up in the kidney as a result.
Vesicoureteral reflux.
Diagnosis
blood test to evaluate kidney function
An ultrasound imaging exam
specialized X-ray of the urinary tract
Urine test to check for signs of infection or urinary stones that could cause a blockage
References
AskMayoExpert. Hydronephrosis (nonstone related) (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2019.
Hydronephrosis. National Kidney Foundation. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/hydronephrosis. Accessed Nov. 12, 2019.
Zeidel ML, et al. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction and hydronephrosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 12, 2019
Kidney stone.
Congenital blockage (a defect that is present at birth
Scarring of tissue (from injury or previous surgery
Enlarged prostate (noncancerous
Surgery
Traditional or open incision method
Laparoscopic pyeloplasty
Robot-assisted pyeloplasty
Pathophysiology
The obstruction of the outward flow of urine leads to an increase in the hydrostatic pressure
This causes an increase in intraglomerular pressure
will ultimately affect the glomerular filtration rate
The duration and severity of obstruction determine the extent of loss of kidney function
the obstruction is not relieved, it can lead to kidney scarring and permanent kidney damage with the compromise of glomerular and tubular function.
Clinical manifestations
Nausea and vomiting.
Fever
Urinary problems, such as pain with urination or feeling an urgent or frequent need to urinate.
Failure to thrive, in infants.
Pain in the side and back that may travel to the lower abdomen or groin.
Nursing interventions
Assess the patient’s current pattern of elimination and compare with his/her normal pattern prior to the manifestations/ symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia/ hypertrophy
Encourage the patient to void every 2 to 3 hours
Palpate the bladder and observe for bladder distention
Weigh child daily; Utilize same weighing scale every day.
Determine potential sources of excess fluid (e.g., food, medications used)
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