Unit 0: The Earth as a Singular System
Human Impact on Enviornment
Systems
Chemical Aspects
Environnemental Interactions
energy production
developed countries highly dependent on fossil fuels
increased reliance on fracking
chemicals released are detrimental to enviornment
contributes to pollution, land degradation, global warming, etc
greenhouse gases insulate the earth, increasing temp
ecological footprint
measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land
hectares 100mx100m
ecosystem services + environmental indicators
any set of interacting components that influence one another by exchanging energy, materials, or information
radioactivity
both man made and natural
human alteration of systems
conversion of land
change chemistry of land, air, water, etc
not always bad: Native American use of fire which led to the Great Plains
5 global scale enviornmental factors
- biodeversity
- food production
- human population
- recourse depletion
- avrg global surface temp + CO2 emissions
the tragedy of the commons
individuals use shared recourses in their own best interest, which in turn degrades the recource for the rest of the population
spontaneous release of material from the nucleus of radioactive isotopes
half life
aunt of time it takes or half of the substance to decay
chemical bonds
covalent
non-polar covalent
polar covalent
electrons shared UNEQUALLY
share electrons
electrons shared EQUALLY
ionic
not as strong as a covalent bond
trading electrons
hydrogen
between hydrogen and covalently bonded other atoms
acids, bases, PH
acids
contributes h+ to a solution
bases
contributes OH- to a solution
pH
0 (acidic) ------ 7 (neutral) ------ 14 (basic)
indicates relative strength of acids and bases
feedback loops
types of systems
open
closed
exchanges of matter and energy occur between multiple systems
changes of matter and energy occur within a single system
positive
negative
change in system is amplified
system responds to change by returning to original state or by decreasing rate at which change is occurring