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Ting-Toomey, S. & Chung Article 1, Culture - Coggle Diagram
Ting-Toomey, S. & Chung Article 1
Culture
Communication
Helps make sense of the world
Language
Arbitrarily symbolic
Abstract/ theoretical
Meaning-centered
Denotation
Connotation
Creative in usage
Rules and patterns
Phonological: based on smallest sounds
Morphological: make meaningful words
Syntax: make meaningful sentences
Semantic: meaning attached to sentances
Pragmatic: contextual governing of language
Rules/patterns can change over time
Evolution of language to suit new situations
Linguistic relativity hypthesis
grammar shapes conceptual reality
Words developed to express relevant parts of life
Group membership of a language
In or out of community "code switch"
Brand identity in the everyday
Communication Styles
Context
Low - explicit
High - contextual
High-context ex. could be spiral reasoning
Directness
Direct - clarity
Indirect - camouflage
Indirect comm. ex. could be spiral reasoning
Enhancement
Self-enhancement - self-advocating
Self-humbling - downplaying
Value placed on silence
Reasoning
Inductive
Deductive
Dramatic spiral reasoning
Understated spiral reasoning
Worldview: way of viewing that world that changes of outlook and reasoning
Contextual
Linear
Speech community: common set of normative expectations and communication rules
Speech communities share communication styles
