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euthyphro - Coggle Diagram
euthyphro
to be a knower, (member of the class of those who know, of the wise) you have to embody (eximplify) the class characteristic. to be a knower is to have knowledge. what is it to be a knower
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e's proof of being a knower: now contemplate, socrates, how great a proof i will tell you that the law is so disposed. a proof that these things would be correctly done if they take place in this way, one is not to give way to the impious one, whoever he may be.
e believes what the theologians (poets) have written about divine things. committed to the theology of the poets. if i imitate the gods, then what i am doing is pious. imitation of the divine. <- proof. piety is what is loved by the gods
problems: he's not a god. the idea that a human is capable of imitating the gods is absurd. not piety.
s: what one god loves, another hates. what you're doing is both pious and impious.
socrates takes the definition, taken e's conviction to the words of the poets, and e claims what he is doing is pious. s points out he is guilty of logical inconsistency
e believes defacto monotheism -> if you know what one god loves, then you know what all the gods love. what one god hates, all hate. which is basically monotheism because they are acting as one
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socrates motives: he is a philosopher so he is always wanting to have conversations with those that claim to be wise. claiming to have what he wants.
he is being accused of impiety of corrupting the young by teaching his impious ideas. if e is wise regarding divine things, and socrates can come to have correct or true beliefs he gains from e, then he can defend himself. if not, s can say, don't blame me, blame my teacher (e).
(1) being able to define class characteristic and (2) definition has to be consistent with relevant background belief.
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some disagreements are those where the parties agree on the method for resolving the disagreement. the other is where this is no agreement among the parties on the method for resolving the disagreement.
no matter how much strife and conflict there may be, these disputes can be resolved, provided that there is an agreement about the method for resolving the disagreement. whereas you have these disagreements and there is no agreed-upon method for solving it, that is a different kind of disagreement.
are love and hate rational? e thinks yes. the gods love what they believe to be moral and beneficial, just, noble, and good. and hate what they believe to be unjust, ignoble, and bad.
s asks: is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved?
two kinds of properties.
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either a relational property being seen, relation to seer. being carried, relation to carrier.
is piety relational property (pious because the gods love it) or intrinsic (love it because of the intrinsic characteristic of piety) a property can not be both. e thinks it is both, which is impossible. which means he loses the knowledge litmus test again. e loses confidence and goes back to linking justice to piety.
intrahuman justice. city an laws, citizens that are expected to adhere to the laws.
piety. not intrahuman, but human in relation to the divine. human beings impose therapy on the god, implying that the gods need improvement. e realizes this and rethinks therapy. "its like the relationship of a slave to his master"
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e has returned tot he meaning of piety that his family has had all along. which is why they think what he is doing is wrong. piety is serving the gods. recognizing the superiority of the gods, and accepting the human status of serving the master.
e says: however, that is someone has knowledge of how to do things gratifying to the gods by praying and sacrificing, and such things preserve private families as well as communities of cities.
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socrates says: for if you didn't know plainly the pious and the impious, there is no way that you would ever have attempted to prosecute your father on behalf of a hired man, rather as to the gods you would have dreaded the risk that you would not do it correctly (committing impiety); and as to human beings,
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athens is a democracy, has congress or parliment