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TOPIC 56: Historical relations between Ireland and United Kingdom. Irish…
TOPIC 56: Historical relations between Ireland and United Kingdom. Irish writers: Sean O'Casey and James Joyce
1. INTRODUCTION
- Topic 56: deals with the historical relations between Ireland and United Kingdom and its consequences in the Irish writing.
- Irish authors made a relevant contribution to the literature written in English. Ireland's history of conquest and colonisation, of famine and mass emigration, rebellion and resistance and civil war etched its literature with a series of ruptures and revivals. Irish writing merged around 4 issues: land, nationality, religion and language.
- The topic is divided into 8 parts.
2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Ireland and England were living a period of political instability that was reflected in the literature of the time.
- Late 19th century -> Home Rule Party. Its demand (internal autonomy for Ireland within the British Empire) was granted in 1912 BUT it was postponed by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
- 1916 = Easter Rising in Dublin -> British put down with the execution of the leaders = wave of revulsion against the British authorities + start of the republican revolution in Ireland.
- In the 19th century, Ireland did not have major industrial centres. Jobs were scarce -> Irish population = impoverished tenant farmes.
- Potato = the main source of nutrition for the poorer classes (one half of the population was dependent on potato).
-1845= microscopic fungus affected the potato crops = wave of famine.
- British government = policy of "Laissez Faire" -> a million of people died of hunger and a million people emigrated to North Amercia and other parts of England.
- It led to the Irish think that they could only count on themselves + a generation of rebels against England was born.
- In 1919 = Anglo-Irish War or Irish War of Indepence. Irishmen joind the Irish Republican Army led by Michael Collins. In 1920 they intensified the fighting and a year later they signes a truce = the Anglo - Irish Treaty (independence for Southern Ireland).
- In 1922 = Irish Civil War because of the disagreement of the Treaty. Victory= Irish Free State in 1923.
- 1937 constitution declared Ireland a sovereign, independent and democratic state and it was renamed Eire. Eire remained neutral during World War II and in 1949 the Republic of Ireland withdrew from the Commonwealth.
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7. CONCLUSION
- Importan to get to know the historical and literary background of Ireland and United Kingdom to improve their knowledge and English command BUT foster their digital, personal and social skills too. - Teachers = willing to evolve, adapt, adjust and provide necessary tools to succeed in a constantly changing and evolving world.
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Gillespie M.P. et Al. 2010. A companion to Irish Literature. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, edited by Julia M. Wright.