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Human Performance 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Acute (short term
      - Chronic
    - - Physical
        
        Extremes of temp and humidity//lack of oxygen//noise
        
        physiological
        
        Sleep deprivation//hunger// full bladder
        
        Emotional
        
        Social interaction// problems at home
    - - How we deal with stress varies by there are factors determining our response
        
        health
        
        Personality
        
        Preparation
        
        Intelligence and Aptitude
    - - Alarm stage
        
        Immediate reaction to a stressor
      - Resistance stage
        
        Body enters a recovery cycle and starts to repair damage
      - Exhaustion
        
        Body continually being subjected to a stressor and remaining in the alarm stage for a prolonged period.
  - - - Perspiration// breathing difficulties// dry mouth
    - - Impulsiveness//mood change//impatience
    - - Extreme tiredness
    - - Poor concentration and judgement
  - - - Take a short break
    - - lifestyle changes
      - Counselling
  - - - Result of intense undivided mental concentration
    - - Lack of sleep, stress, jet lag
    - - Obvious tiredness// Slower reactions//poor concentration// loss of appetite
    - - Adequate sleep // avoid caffeine, alcohol and cigs
  - - - REM
        
        90 minutes after falling asleep
        
        brain rejuvination
      - non-REM (Orthodox)
        
        decreasing brain wave activity // slow wave sleep
        
        Physical restoration
    - - Nervous insomnia
        
        Anticipation for something in the future
      - Situational/acute insomnia
        
        Disturbance in body rhythms, jet lang
      - Chronic insomnia
        
        Difficulty in sleeping normally when the body requires sleep.
      - Narcolepsy
        
        Falling asleep at any time
      - Sleep apnoea
        
        Difficulty breathing
  - - - Body has several built in clocks which control physiological processes
    - - HP is at its lowest between 0300 and 0600 and best between 1200 and 2000
    - - alters the time of best and worst perfomance
      - may result in poor sleep and mental performance as well as disrupted eating habits
- - - - Transparent window that seals the front of the eye. Protected by the eyelids
    - - Pigmented muscular membrane behind the Cornea. Contains the pupil
    - - Behind the iris. Curved on both sides to refract light rays (accomodation)
    - - Soft transparent layer containing rods and cones
      - Rods
        
        Define movement not detail (good for peripheral vision and night flying
      - Cones
        
        Highly colour sensitive , important for central vision
  - - - Focus point beyond the retina
      - Corrected with convex lenses
    - - Light rays focused in front of the retina
      - Corrected with concave lenses
    - - Unneven curvature of the cornea resulting in distorted images
    - - Near vision deterorating with age
  - - - Achieved through rods
      - Affected by hypoxia, smoking, alcohol, age
    - - Flying just above a layer of clouds or directly into low sun
    - - the ability to judge distance
    - - Flight at high altitude or at night when there is nothing to look at
    - - Provide better peripheral vision and do not get misting but cabin decompression can cause a bubble to form
    - - Minor surgical procedure to correct myopia
  - - - Lining of inner surface of eyelids can become irritated and emfamed
    - - Slow and painless clouding of the lens of the eye
    - - Infection forming a cyst in the tear ducts/hair follicles
    - - Increased pressure due to inadequate drainage of fluids
- - - - Unless acted upon by a force, a body will remain at rest/in motion at a constant speed
    - - Acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied if mass is constant
    - - To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
  - - - take off and landing
      - Constant direction with increasing or decreasing speed
    - - Fixed rate turns// constant change of direction with a constant speed
    - - Constant change in direction and speed (spin)
  - - - Disturbance in blood volume
      - Positive acceleration = pressure able heart to decrease and below heart to increase// more blood in lower parts of body
    - - Positive acceleration = decrease blood flow to retina = grey out/black out
    - - Positive acceleration is perceived as an increase in weight and it becomes more difficult to move limbs and organs may be displaced
    - - Little/no influence
- - - - at a constant temp, As pressure reduces the gas expands
    - - Pressure exerted by a mixture of gas is equal to the sum of the pressures that each would exert if separated
  - - - Closed Cavities
        
        Alimentary Canal
        
        The teeth
        
        Aero/barodontalgia
        
        During ascent, gas contained expands and usually forces its way it
      - Semi-closed cavities
        
        Middle ear
        
        otic barotraum
        
        Paranasal sinuses
    - - Body is saturated with gases (80%) nitrogen. As altitude increases, some nitrogen comes out as bubbles which can cause severe pain
      - Creeps - Skin
      - Chokes - Pain in chest
      - Staggers - brain
      - bends - joints
      - Factors leading to decompression sickness - Altitude, duration, age, weight, diving (30ft = 24 hours) (air = 12 hours)