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13.3 European Union (Part 1) - Coggle Diagram
13.3 European Union (Part 1)
1. The Beginnings of Cooperation
(1945-1959)
The European Union is set up with the aim of ending the frequent and bloody wars between neighbors, which culminated in the Second World War.
The six founding countries are Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.
2. A Period of Economic Growth
1960 - 1969
The six founding countries are Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.
May 1968 became famous for student riots in Paris, and many changes in society and behavior became associated with the so-called ‘68 generation’.
3. A Growing Community
1970 - 1979
Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom joined the European Union on 1 January 1973, raising the number of Member States to nine.
The European Parliament increases its influence in EU affairs and in 1979 all citizens can, for the first time, elect their members directly.
4. The Fall of the Berlin Wall
1980 - 1989
In 1981, Greece became the 10th member of the EU, and Spain and Portugal followed five years later.
There is major political upheaval when, on 9 November 1989, the Berlin Wall is pulled down and the border between East and West Germany is opened for the first time in 28 years. This led to the reunification of Germany, when both East and West Germany were united in October 1990.
5. A Europe Without Frontiers
1990 - 1999
With the collapse of communism across central and eastern Europe, Europeans become closer neighbors.
In 1993 the Single Market was completed with the ‘four freedoms’ of: movement of goods, services, people and money.
The 1990s is also the decade of two treaties: the ‘Maastricht’ Treaty on European Union in 1993 and the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1999.
People are concerned about how to protect the environment and also how Europeans can act together when it comes to security and defense matters.
In 1995 the EU gained three more new members: Austria, Finland and Sweden.
A small village in Luxembourg gives its name to the ‘Schengen’ agreements that gradually allow people to travel without having their passports checked at the borders.
Millions of young people study in other countries with EU support.
Communication is made easier as more and more people start using mobile phones and the internet.
6. Further Expansion
2000 - 2009
The euro is now the new currency for many Europeans.
During the decade more and more countries adopted the euro.
11 September 2001 became synonymous with the ‘War on Terror’ after hijacked airliners were flown into buildings in New York and Washington.
EU countries begin to work much more closely together to fight crime.
7. A Challenging Decade
2010 - Today
The global economic crisis strikes hard in Europe. The EU helps several countries to confront their difficulties and establishes the ‘Banking Union’ to ensure safer and more reliable banks.
A new security policy is established in the wake of the annexation of Crimea by Russia.
Religious extremism increases in the Middle East and various countries and regions around the world, leading to unrest and wars which result in many people fleeing their homes and seeking refuge in Europe.
The EU is not only faced with the dilemma of how to take care of them, but also finds itself the target of several terrorist attacks.