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Wood Structure & ID - Coggle Diagram

- - - - stem
      - branches
      - root
  - - - vessel
        
        water transport
        
        hardwood spp
      - fiber
      - tracheids
        
        conducting & supporting cells
        
        softwood spp
        
        dual function
      - parenchyma
    - - parenchyma
  - - - carbohydrates & lignin
        
        lignocellulostic
    - - different properties @ different sections
    - - lose & gain moisture
        
        changing
        
        atmospheric humidity
        
        temperature
- - - - earlywood/springwood
        
        during rainy season
        
        water is abundant
        
        thin walled cell
        
        light colored
      - latewood/summerwood
        
        summer season
        
        water is limiting
        
        thick walled cells
        
        dark colored
    - - tangential
        
        surface exposed
        
        bark is removed
      - radial
        
        cut wood parallel to wood ray
      - cut wood across the length
        
        cross section/transverse section
  - - - dark colored
      - dead cells
      - mechanical support & food storage????
      - has toxic subs - extractives
      - why durable
        
        more extractives
        
        more resistant to pests
        
        dead portion
    - - light colored
      - living cells
      - water conduction
- - - - hardwood
        
        has vessel
        
        water transport
        
        fiber
        
        mechanical support
        
        porous wood
    - - softwood
        
        do not have vessel
        
        has tracheid
        
        transopot & support
        
        non-porous wood
    - - origin
        
        primary tissue
        
        increase in length
        
        height
        
        from apical growing point
        
        secondary tissue
        
        from vascular cambium,
        
        increase in diameter
        
        add thickness to the stem
      - according to physiology
        
        sonducting tissue
        
        supporting & mechanical tiddue
        
        sorge
        
        conducting
      - alignment
        
        longtudinal/axial tiddue
        
        horizontal/ray tissue
      - as
        
        meristematic
        
        actively dividing
        
        form new cell
        
        undifferentiated
        
        class
        
        primary meristem
        
        fundamental parts
        
        protoderm
        
        lateral meristem
        
        lateral growth
        
        cork cambium,/ phellogen
        
        v cambium
        
        permanent
        
        mature
        
        fully differentiated
        
        growth has temporarily stopped
        
        has a specific role
- - - - starch
      - 6 phosphate fructose
      - 6 phosphate
      - carbohydrated
        
        ration of Hydrogen to oxygen
        
        2:1
  - - - cellulose 40-44
      - hemi 15-35
      - lignin 18-25
    - - cellulose 40-44
      - lignin 25-35
      - hemi 20-32
    - - holocellulose
    - - polysaccharide are carbohydrates
    - - extractives
      - ash content
      - primary component
        
        holocellulose
  - - - s1
        
        transition
      - s2
        
        biggest/thickest
        
        dictate properties that the wood will exhibit
      - s3
        
        tertiary
- - - - z or s helix
      - z forward slash
      - s backward slash
  - - - newly formed
        
        enclosed in thin-membrane like & pectin rich primary wall
      - thin walled
        
        difficult to differentiate from ture middle lamella
      - can be extensively increased in surface
      - irregular interwoven orientation of microfibril
      - theory
        
        multinet theory
        
        network of microfibrils in the wall is expanded by cell growth
        
        insertion process
        
        intussesception
        
        apposition
        
        1st formed microfibrils
        
        microfibrils deposited on top of the other
    - - 3 layers
        
        s1
        
        transition wall
        
        s2
        
        s3
        
        tertiary
        
        thinnest layer
      - highly specialized in structure
        
        diffentiated state of cell
      - from afeer cell growth has ceased
      - lsos of plasticity
      - progressive deposition of new layer
        
        thicken the wall while cell lumen diameter decreases
      - has high proportion of cellulose
      - incapable of further enlargement
- - - - ray/transverse cell
        
        radial parenchyma
        
        ray tracheids
    - - longitudinal/axial cells
        
        axial parenchyma
        
        axial tracheids
    - - prosenchymatous
        
        have bordered pits
        
        thick cell wall
        
        for support & conduction
        
        fibers, vessels, tracheids
        
        type
        
        longitudinal
        
        tracheids
        
        transverse
        
        ray tracheids
      - parenchymatous
        
        simple pits
        
        thin wall
        
        for storage
        
        parenchyma
        
        type
        
        longitudinal
        
        longitudinal parenchyma
        
        epithelial cells (excreting cells )
        
        transverse
        
        ray parenchyma cells
        
        epithelial cells (excreting cells)
        
        nakapalibot sa canal
        
        like yung sa resin
  - - - long narrow cells
      - closed ends
      - types
        
        fiber tracheids
        
        thick walled
        
        pointed ends
        
        bordered pits
        
        libriform fiber
        
        has simple pit
        
        elongated thick walled
    - - vascular tracheids
        
        similar w/ latewood vessel
      - vascicentric
        
        irregular shaped
        
        closed ends
        
        earlywood vessel of some ring porous woods
    - - strand parenchyma
        
        most common type
      - epitheliam cells
    - - ray parenchyma
      - epithelial cells
- - - - lower side
      - compression wood
    - - upperside
      - tension wood
  - - - rupture of cell wall
      - types
        
        ring shake
        
        follow growth ring
        
        heart shake
        
        direction of wood ray
        
        star shake
        
        several heartshake
        
        evident @
    - - microscopic slip lined
      - severe wind/heavy snow
      - localized folding of the fibers
      - slip planes extend through the cell walls of adjacent cells forming a definite line of tensile weakness
      - result to
        
        cup
        
        internal check
        
        diamonding
    - - presence in fibers in numoerous & well developed sli planes causeing a reduction in the strenth of the wood
      - localized wrinkling of the fibers (broken) not visible
  - - - across the grain
  - - - pitch
      - pitch streak
        
        patches sharply outlined
      - pitch defects