The March on Rome
Background
Some favoured d''Annunzio as a potential new strong leader
27th-31st October
Summer of 1922
Squads controlled several areas, the government took no action
1st August
Socialists called a general strike. The strike had a poor response and was called off after one day.
=Caporetto of Italian socialism
Raised a spectre of Socialist revolution
Allowed fascists to portray themselves as protectors of the state
Power in 4 days:27-31 oct
28thOCT-
29thOCT-
27thOCT-
30thOCT
Fascists concentrated in 3 main areas within marching distance of Rome, blackshirts were under order not to clash with the army.
Quadrumvirs at Perugia issued a proclamation
Mussolini seemed on the verge of accepting a ministerial post in a new gov. He was persuaded to hold out for more by other fascists and by gov inaction.
(overnight)Fascists tried to seize control of telephone exchanges , they failed in some areas (Milan , Bologna).Took control then lost it in some areas(Pisa).In many provincial cities they succeeded
(Midnight)PM Facta agreed to take military action against the fascist threat, he asked the king to use the army.
Mussolini's arrest was ordered.
Milan prefect Lusignoli refused to act.
(2am)King agreed to martial law and some measures were taken.
(9am) King refused to sign martial law decree.
Facta resigned.
Salandra tried to form a government, which Mussolini refused to join.
Salandra advised that Mussolini be appointed PM, the king agreed.
(Midday)King told de Vecchi to phone Mussolini to invite him to form a government
A telegram was sent confirming the offer, Mussolini left by night train.
31ST OCT
Most squads arrived by train for a parade before the King and Mussolini
click to edit
Mussolini arrived in Rome, Victor Emmanuel appointed him PM.
The squads started arriving
12 killed in tiny lil fights.