The March on Rome

Background

Some favoured d''Annunzio as a potential new strong leader

27th-31st October

Summer of 1922

Squads controlled several areas, the government took no action

1st August

Socialists called a general strike. The strike had a poor response and was called off after one day.
=Caporetto of Italian socialism

Raised a spectre of Socialist revolution

Allowed fascists to portray themselves as protectors of the state

Power in 4 days:27-31 oct

28thOCT-

29thOCT-

27thOCT-

30thOCT

Fascists concentrated in 3 main areas within marching distance of Rome, blackshirts were under order not to clash with the army.

Quadrumvirs at Perugia issued a proclamation

Mussolini seemed on the verge of accepting a ministerial post in a new gov. He was persuaded to hold out for more by other fascists and by gov inaction.

(overnight)Fascists tried to seize control of telephone exchanges , they failed in some areas (Milan , Bologna).Took control then lost it in some areas(Pisa).In many provincial cities they succeeded

(Midnight)PM Facta agreed to take military action against the fascist threat, he asked the king to use the army.

Mussolini's arrest was ordered.

Milan prefect Lusignoli refused to act.

(2am)King agreed to martial law and some measures were taken.

(9am) King refused to sign martial law decree.

Facta resigned.

Salandra tried to form a government, which Mussolini refused to join.

Salandra advised that Mussolini be appointed PM, the king agreed.

(Midday)King told de Vecchi to phone Mussolini to invite him to form a government

A telegram was sent confirming the offer, Mussolini left by night train.

31ST OCT

Most squads arrived by train for a parade before the King and Mussolini

click to edit

Mussolini arrived in Rome, Victor Emmanuel appointed him PM.

The squads started arriving

12 killed in tiny lil fights.