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Traumatic Stress - Coggle Diagram

- - - - How can moving Affect young children?
        Children in kindergarten or first grade may be particularly vulnerable to a family move because developmentally they are just in the process of separating from their parents and adjusting to new authority figures and social relationships. The relocation can interfere with that normal process of separation by causing them to return to a more dependent relationship with their parents.
        Reference:
        Aacap. (n.d.). Moving: Helping children cope. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-Family-Moves-014.aspx
    - - In general, the older the child, the more difficulty he or she will have with the move because of the increasing importance of the peer group. Pre-teens and teenagers may repeatedly protest the move, or ask to stay in their hometown with a friend's family. Some youngsters may not talk about their distress, so parents should be aware of the warning signs of depression, including changes in appetite, social withdrawal, a drop in grades, irritability, sleep disturbances or other dramatic changes in behavior or mood.
        Reference:
        Aacap. (n.d.). Moving: Helping children cope. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-Family-Moves-014.aspx
    - - STEPS
        
        Explain clearly to the children why the move is necessary.
        
        Familiarize the children as much as possible with the new area with maps, photographs or the daily newspaper.
        
        Describe advantages of the new location that the child might appreciate such as a lake, mountain or an amusement park.
        
        After the move, get involved with the children in activities of the local church or synagogue, mosque, temple, scouts, local recreation center, etc.
        References:
        Aacap. (n.d.). Moving: Helping children cope. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-Family-Moves-014.aspx
        
        If a son or daughter is a senior in high school, consider the possibility of letting him or her stay with a trusted family until the school year is over.
        
        Let children participate in designing or furnishing their room.
        
        Help children keep in touch with friends from the previous neighborhood through telephone, letters, e-mail, and personal visits.
- - - - 8 ways to Support Students Who Experience Trauma
        
        Communicate with counselors or social workers
        
        Provide structure and consistency.
        
        Ease transitions
        
        Provide choice
        
        Develop strengths and interests
        
        Be there
        
        Make an “out” plan
        
        Take care of yourself
    - - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDDjfZztSwc
      - Intrusive Symptoms - Nightmares, flashbacks, smelling or hearing the accident
      - Avoidance Symptoms: Not wanting to get in a car or go near the area of the accident.
      - Hyperarousal symptoms: Startle response strong, very anxious, stomach aches, head aches, panic attacks.
      - Negative Cognitions: negative thoughts of self about the driver, blaming self.
      - Accident does not have to be a serious accident to result in post traumatic stress.
- - - - In my personal experience, I didn't had an absent parent, but my dad did lived in another country for several years and I remember how it affect me. I became a rebel teen and had very low grades, didn't had motivation to study and just wanted to have social life. He was calling us everyday and always looking out for us, but not having him with us, was major. In that moment I couldn't recognize it and I even couldn't express it to anyone because I didn't knew what was happening or how I felt.
        
        Having an absent parent can affect a students behavior and motiviation and probably looking at his peers's families that they had both parents, can affect him even more.
        
        Parents have a major influence on a child’s achievement, more importantly in the field of education. Experts say the absence of a parent in a child’s academic guidance makes them insecure, which affects their well-being in general.
        [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208666]
        
        Sadly, today’s reality has accentuated absence of parents in their children’s upbringing, especially due to work-related commitments. Whether a parent’s absence is short-lived or long-lived, the fact remains that it negatively affects their child’s education. [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208666]
        
        The Life-Long impact of absent fathers: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIAFSKr2xvE]
        
        [https://wehavekids.com/family-relationships/Learn-7-Ways-to-Survive-an-Emotionally-Absent-Mother-and-Lead-a-Joyful-Life]
- - - - Because divorce is so prevalent, it may not be seen by some as a traumatic event. However, from a child’s perspective, it is monumental. Their world as they know it, is forever changed. Some parents may make the transition as smooth and painless as possible, while others may be struggling in so many ways themselves, that they add to the pain and chaos for the child. Schools and teachers can be the safe harbor for students: the place of support and peace. The following few statistics show the impact of divorce on student’s lives.
      - • There is a 16% increase in the risk of behavior problems if the child is between 7 and 14 years old when their parents divorce.
      - • Children of divorced or separated parents are 1.5 to 2 times more likely to live in poverty and engage in risky sexual behavior as they get older.
      - • Estimates suggest children from divorced parents have an 8% lower probability of completing high school, a 12% lower probability of college attendance, and an 11% lower probability of college completion.
      - Parker, Wayne. “What Research Tells Us about the Effect of Divorce on Children.” Verywell Family, https://www.verywellfamily.com/children-of-divorce-in-america-statistics
      - Effect of Divorce on Younger Students (Ages 5-9)
        
        Children need to feel safe and secure to interact with the world. When a divorce happens in a young student’s life, it can have many effects from sadness, confusion, anger, fear or even guilt. He or she may believe that their bad behavior was a cause of divorce. They may fear that their parents don’t love them or may not be as much a part of their lives any longer.
        
        Here are some signs of a young student struggling with divorce.
        
        • Difficulty concentrating on schoolwork
        
        • Frequent crying or emotional distress
        
        • Lack of interest in fun activities
        
        • Headaches or stomach problems
        
        • Increased separation anxiety
        
        • Any regression to earlier behaviors, such as wetting the bed, throwing tantrums, or wanting a pacifier, etc.
        
        Effect of Divorce on Older Students (Ages 9-12)
        
        Children in middle school are beginning to seek independence. During a divorce, they may feel stuck in the middle of fighting or embarrassed when their parents have public conflict. They may express anger about the changes in their routine or living situation. Also, if they see one parent in particular who is struggling with the change, they might feel responsible for the emotional health of that parent.
        
        Some signs of an older student struggling with divorce.
        
        • Disdain for activities they once enjoyed
        
        • Increased conflict with peers
        
        • Over-functioning in responsibilities
        
        Effect of Divorce on Teenagers (Ages 13-18)
        
        During a divorce, teenagers might take on additional adult responsibilities, and it can be easy to forget that they are still developing emotionally and ethically. An adolescent might take responsibility for what has happened between their parents or feel that they have to care for their younger siblings. They might anticipate having to sacrifice their own plans for the future or feel guilty for wanting to leave home. Teens might struggle to imagine a successful adulthood, or they may consider themselves to be invincible as they experiment with new and sexy behaviors.
        
        Signs of Struggle with Divorce
        
        • Extreme negativity or criticism
        
        • Risky sexual behaviors
        
        • Increased aggression
        
        • Poor academic performance
        
        • Substance use
        
        “The Impact of Divorce on School-Aged Children.” NYU, 18 Feb. 2021, https://counseling.steinhardt.nyu.edu/blog/impact-of-divorce-on-students/.
      - https://youtu.be/yA2nfwQriVw
      - Divorce
- - - - Agressive/Unreasonable Behaviors
      - Refusing to talk
        
        This could be about their emotions, thoughts, feelings, or just in generals
      - Having unexplained injuries
      - Having missing or damaged belongings
      - Dropping Grades/Change in Quality of Work
      - Lack of Effort/Motivation
      - Being alone/not hanging out with usual friend group/excluded from groups
      - Change of ability/willingness to speak up in class
      - Constant target for teasing, mimicking, ridicule, etc.
      - Lack of confidence
      - Frequent Illness
        
        Headaches/migraines
        
        Stomach aches
        
        Faking other illnesses to get out of school
      - Change in eating habits
      - Drop in self-esteem
      - Loss in interests
    - - Blame others for their problems
      - Have unexplained money or other belongings
      - Have friends who bully others
      - Are super critical or judgmental of others
      - Don't accept responsibility for their actions
      - Aggressive
      - Physical/Verbal Fights
      - Lack of empathy
      - Thrive around insecure people
      - Impulsive
      - Can never be wrong
      - Justify bad behavior
      - Has to be in control
      - Ofter has a group that follows them around
      - Positive attitude towards violence
    - - One out of five students are bullied
        
        33% of elementary students are bullied
        
        Physical bullying (16%), verbal bullying (22%), and relational bullying (27%) were highly common behaviors in early elementary school.
        
        19% of high school students are bullied
        
        23% of college students are bullied, primarily cyberbullied
        
        27% of middle school students are bullied
        
        Only 36% of students being bullied report it to someone.
      - Types of Bullying
        
        Cyberbullying
        
        Anywhere between 19-33% of students are cyberbullied
        
        Reports of cyberbullying: 38% of girls, 26% of boys
        
        https://cyberbullying.org/cyberbullying-statistics-age-gender-sexual-orientation-race
        
        Physical Bullying
        
        https://www.positiveaction.net/blog/physical-bullying
        
        Verbal Bullying
        
        https://www.positiveaction.net/blog/verbal-bullying
        
        Demographical Bullying
        
        https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=719
    - - American Psychological Association. (n.d.). How parents, teachers, and kids can take action to prevent bullying. American Psychological Association. Retrieved September 4, 2022, from https://www.apa.org/topics/bullying/prevent
      - Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (ASPA). (2021, November 10). Warning signs for bullying. StopBullying.gov. Retrieved September 4, 2022, from https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/warning-signs
      - Stop bullying by creating a strong classroom community. Hey Teach! (2017, October 4). Retrieved September 4, 2022, from https://www.wgu.edu/heyteach/article/stop-bullying-by-creating-a-strong-collaborative-classroom-community1710.html
      - What is bullying? Department of Education and Training Victoria. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2022, from https://www.education.vic.gov.au/about/programs/bullystoppers/Pages/what.aspx
    - - Talk about bullying
        
        Signs
        
        What it is
        
        What can happen to those who are bullied
      - Be Visible in your classroom
      - Empower student bystanders
      - Watch for indicators
      - Teach kindness and empathy
      - Create opportunities for connection
      - Create a strong classroom community
      - Come up with classroom rules and expectations together
      - Create a positive relationship with students so they feel comfortable speaking up
      - Talk about the bystander effect
      - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obnOnuzb-Xw
      - https://www.screenagersmovie.com/resources/anti-bullying-campaigns
- - - - METHODS
      - 1Coping with the Initial Shock
        
        Acknowledge your emotions.
        
        Talk to someone you trust.
        
        Deal with your fears. It's natural to feel scared and think about your own eventual death when someone dies. Talk about these feelings with your parents or teachers.
        
        Find some comfort.
      - 2Moving Forward
        
        Talk about your loss.
        
        https://youtu.be/gsYL4PC0hyk
        
        Reflect on your memories.
        
        Return to your usual routine
        
        Know when to ask for help
      - 3Helping Your Children Deal with Death
        
        Encourage them to talk.
        
        Respect your child's emotions.
        
        Listen to your child.
        
        Offer suggestions for dealing with emotions in a healthy way
        
        (https://youtu.be/3ytNPuDZodo)
      - 4Supporting Your Students
        
        Discuss the event with the affected classes.
        
        For example, tell the class, "Our school has experienced a tragedy. Jake has died in a car accident." Don't go around in circles or try to lessen the impact with metaphors or fluffy language.
        
        Be prepared for questions about the event. Make sure the school staff has all the facts straight and is aware of what is going to be shared.
        
        Let the parents know when you are going to talk to the classes. They may want to be present with their children.