Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
brain - Coggle Diagram
brain
Cortex
covers the brain with a neuron layer
largest part of the human brain
associated with abstract thought and voluntary action
4 parts/parts of cortex
Occipital lobe
visual processing
Parietal lobe
movement
orientation
perception
reception
Temporal lobe
information
memory
speech
Frontal lobe
reasoning
planning
thinking
decision-making
complex emotions
voluntary actions
lobotomy
mild form of localization!!!
evolved last
CEREBRAL CORTEX
outermost layer
grey matter
Cerebellum
”little brain”
movement and balance
looks similar to cortex
Limbic system
thalamus
brain’s info relay station
all body senses except smell first go through thalamus before going to cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
emotion
thirst
hunger
hippocampus
learning
memory
tramsferring info from short-term memory to long term memory
long term memory : spatial orientation
amygdala
memory
emotion
fear
Brain stem
regulates vital processes
breathing
heartbeat
connects brain to the spinar cord
Other info
all the parts of the brain are
associated with specific functions
”localization of function”
relative localization is supported by scientists
split-brain
lateralization studies (Gazzaniga 1967 & Sperry 1968)
Left and right hemisphere
Left one
language
right one
comprehension and spelling of simple words
visuospatial abilities
emotional responses aren’t lateralized
divided by
corpus callosum
these fibers help the hemispheres to communicate
different from localization because lateralization doesn’t focus on different parts of the brain, just left and right side and how they function etc.
some functions might be localized, meaning that they are controlled by multiple parts of the brain
study opposing this by Karl Lashley
Paul Broca and his studies (Tan study) 1861
understood speech and writing but couldn't communicate
speech therapy
localization
performed with a patient with brain damage
Broca's aphasia, Broca's area
Carl Wernicke (1874)
could produce speech fluently but not meaninlessly but couldn't understand speech
wernicke's area
in temporal lobe
Wilder Penfield (epilepsy treatment)
created a map of sensory and motor cortex aka cortical homunculus
body within the brain
neural stimulation
technique in treating neurological diseases and investigating brain functions
treated patients with severe epilepsy by doing surgeries, however before undergoing surgeries he would stimulate parts of the brain and see the effect it had on this, still-conscious-person
proves that there is directly corresponding regions in the brain
Aim:
-study on the left posterior temporal lobe
believed essential for language comprehension
Participants:
Those who suffered strokes/ had damage in the posterior temporal lobe.
Method:
-Patients could produce speech but could not understand speech (Wernicke's aphasia)
Using a post-mortem study, He localized language processing (tracing origin of behavior to specific part of the brain)
equipotentiality
ability for another section of brain to take over other section