Human Evolution

Human Evolution

Gene flow

Australopithecus Afarensis (Lucy

Homo Habillis

Homo Egaster, Homo Erectus

Earliest Homo

First to use tools

First to eat meat

walked upright

first to have fire

first to leave africa

make complex tools

grunt and hand signals

Homo Heidelbergensis

First to build shelters

skilled hunter

possible common ancestor

Homo Neanderthalensis

buried dead

strongly built

made clothing

lived in caves and shelters

Homo Sapiens

use of symbols

cave paintings

complex thinking, imagination

Charateristics

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prominent brow bridge

smaller brain size case

protude of eyes, foreheads and jaw

larger jaws and teeth

smaller and flatter feet

Bipedal Locomotion

HIgher foot arch

shorter hip bone, pelvis

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Selective Pressure

Primate

3d/colour vision

square jaw

Opposable Thumbs

smaller brain size

flexable skeletal structure

Hominoid

Largest ward

Hominid

sexual dismorphisim

Homini

Larger brain size

Bigger cheek muscle

touch receptors

Power, persion grip

Classified as apes and humans

superfamily

have no tails

larger arms, broad chest

mobile shoulder (ball & socket)

Subfamily

Male and female have distinct feautures

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Great apes, chimps, gorillas

walk erect

able to see over tall grasses to see predotrs

3.5-2.45 million years ago

slender build

tree climbing

selective breading

select individuals for desired traits to contribute for the next generation

Relative Dating

the age of the layer of rock can be determined

Selection pressure

forcing natural selection to act on a population

Vestigal sequence

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Haemogoblin sequence

Modern Interbreeding

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Natural seletion

process where agents of selection act on populations in the wild
physical, biological, chemical

Genetic diversity

allows populations to adapt to changing environements and some may have more suitable triats

Artifical insemination

Gene flow

mirgration of indivdauls in/out of a population

Genetic drift

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random events lead to a large change in allele frequencies in a population over a short period of time (bottleneck)

Founder affect

a new colony is started by a few members from a largeer population

Phenotype

Genotype

The two alleles inherited for a particular gene in an organism.

observable characteristics of an individual as a result of its genotype + environment

Diploid

Hapliod

When reproductive cells produced via the process of meiosis only have 1 set of chromosomes, with 1 allele for each locus.

Describes humans / somatic (body) cells in humans in that they have 2 sets of chromosomes thus having 2 alleles at each locus; one allele inherited from each parent.

Out of africa theory

happened 100,000 years ago

survival of the fittest

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is determining which organism is older in comparison to the other

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