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Older Adults - Coggle Diagram

- - - - increased gas trapping
      - reduced gas exchange
    - - dyspneic
      - barrel chest
      - hunched over
    - - chronic bronchitis
      - family history
      - cigarette smoking
    - - bronchodilaters
      - reduction of stress
  - - - betablockers
      - bronchodilater
    - - Chest tightness
      - wheezing
      - SOB
    - - family history
      - allergies
    - - intermittent airway obstruction and wheezing is reversible
- - - - vision impairment, headache, blurred vision
    - - HTN, obesity family history
    - - eye drops, surgery, beta blockers
    - - Damage to the optic nerve from an above normal intraocular pressure
        (IOP)
  - - - older age, obesity, smoking
    - - vision impairment, faded colors, impaired night vision
    - - surgery
    - - Clouding of the lens and loss of transparency
- - - - small meals, avoid meals at bedtime, bland diet, sleeping in a partial recumbent position
    - - heartburn, belching, abdominal discomfort
    - - Obesty, large volumes of food
    - - weakening of esophagogastric junction & a portion of the stomach is in the chest
  - - - coughing while eating, choking, food is stuck in your throat or chest
    - - mental impairment
      - age, obesity
    - - problems with swallowing from ineffective chewing, weakened esophageal muscles, or nay other probems
    - - have speech do a swallow test
      - thickening liquids, high fowlers to eat
- - - - radiation
      - removal
      - chemo
    - - urgency
      - blood
      - frequency
      - dysuria
    - - family history, prior cancer, urinary infections, irritation
    - - uncontrolled cell growth and mutation causes cancer buildup in the bladder causing problems with renal system and can spread to kidneys,
  - - - cramping
      - bloody urine
      - dysuria
    - - passing the stone, sound waves to break it up, or surgical removal
    - - calciu or another minera builds up leaving a stone in the urine causing pain to the individual
    - - family history
      - obesity
      - dehydration
- - - - patho
        
        dopamine production in brain is reduced so you cant regulate acetylcholine leading to problems such as tremors, rigidty andgait issues
      - nursing interventions
        
        provide time to rest
        
        monitor for incontinence
        
        thickening liquids
      - signs and symptoms
        
        tremor
        
        postular instability
        
        unsteady gait
        
        rigidity
        
        dyskinesia
      - treatment
        
        anticholinergic drugs
      - related
    - - reorient patient, assist with ADLs, watch for incontinence, thicken liquid and help eat.
      - no treatment available
      - plaque buildup on brain leads to neuron damage causing long term memory loss and short term memory storage issues
      - gradual increase in memory loss going further and further back. Inability to perform ADL. loss of orientation.
- - - - being a woman, older than 60, family history
    - - tired, weight gain, sensitive to cold, muscle cramps
    - - your thyroid atrophies and produces insufficient hormones
    - - provide blankets, cough and deep breath, proper nutrition.
  - - - obestiy
      - other conditions
      - family history
    - - completely dry feet and don't expose to extreme hot or cold
      - blood sugar checks
    - - polyuria, sweating, loss of weight, blurry vision, neuropothy
    - - your pancreas either doesn't produce or produces bad insulin
- - - - gender, age, family history
    - - frequent need to urinate
      - inability to start a stream of urine
    - - hypertrophy of the cells of the prostate leading to an enlarged prostate blocking off urine flow
    - - catheterization, prostate resection, alpha blockers, cialis
  - - - unable to achieve erection
    - - blood pressure meds
      - viagra
    - - high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, obesity
    - - caused due to decreased blood flow to penis
- - - - patho
        
        inability of heart to property meet tissues O2 demands, left sided backs up to lungs and can;t pump to the body. right sided backs up to body and can't be reoxygenated
      - signs and symptoms
        
        SOB, fatigue, edema, tachycardia, ascites.
      - diuretics, lifestyle changes, limiting fluids, limiting sodium
      - risk factors
        
        overweight, family history, CAD, high blood pressure,.
      - nursing interventions
        
        turn slow, monitor for fluid overload, monitor for edema.
    - - patho
        
        rigidity and increased workload of the heart causes increased pressure of the vessels.
      - signs and sypmtoms
        
        edema, vision changes, hearing changes, nosebleeds
      - treatment
        
        diuretics, lifestyle modifications, diet change, other meds
      - turn slowly, provide calm environments, take BP before giving meds
      - related