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state of consciousness, nature of sleep - Coggle Diagram
state of consciousness
states of consciousness
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normal waking consciousness- awareness of thoughts, feelings and behaviours, including internal and external events
altered state of consciousness- any state characteristically different from normal waking consciousness in terms of awareness, thoughts, feelings and behaviours
consciousness- awareness of thoughts, feelings and environment at any moment in time
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Amplitude- intensity of the electrical current.
The higher the peaks compared to the dips, the higher the amplitude.
The lower the peaks compared to the dips, the lower the amplitude
brainwaves
alpha- second highest freq. and second lowest amplitude, indicating reduced alertness and wakefulness.
examples:
daydreaming, relaxing
theta- second lowest freq. second highest amplitude., indicating low levels of alertness
examples:
sleeping, deep mediation
beta- high freq. low amplitude, indicating very high levels of alertness examples: during studying, reading, working
delta- lowest freq. and highest amplitude, indicating very low levels of alertness.
examples:
deep sleep, coma
Frequency- how many brainwaves there are per second.
The closer the wave the higher the frequency
The further apart the wave the lower the frequency
nature of sleep
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sleep deprivation
partial sleep deprivation-
- inadequate sleep based on individual needs
- have had some form of sleep in the past 24hrs but either the sleep duration was too short or the quailty of sleep was poor
full sleep deprivation-
- individual not sleeping for a period of at least 24hrs
- involves complete lack of sleep over one night or for several nights in a row
affective- abnormal or heightened emotional reactions. example:
- depressed modd
- inappropriate emotional response
- decreased motivation
- increased irritability
behavioural- decrease individuals ability to control own behaviour.
examples:
- reduced motor control
- reduced spatial awareness
- slower reaction time
- fatigue
- lack of energy
cognitive- decrease cognition function and abiloity to maintain control over thoughts.
examples:
- inability to concernrate
- poorer preformance
- increased error rate
- reduced ability to cope and make decision under stress
sleep rhythms
circadian rhythm- 24 hour cycles including changes to physiological functioning or activity. the human sleep-wake cycle is an example, as various biological changes repeat themselves daily as we tranisition from sleeping to be awake and alert
ultradian rhythm- occur within 24 hours and involve change to physiological function or activity. a sleep cycle is an example, as it occurs for approx. 90 minutes and involves biological changes as you progress through distinct stages of sleep
sleep cycle
REM-
- sleeper is virtually paralysed
- dreaming tends to occur
- the amount of time spent in REM increases as the sleep episode progresses, with the largest amount at the end of the sleep cycle
- make up approx 20-25% of sleep episode
- light stage of sleep, sleepers can be woken fairly easily
NREM-
- muscle movement is possible for sleeper
- makes up approx. 75-80% of a sleep cycle
- made up of 4 different stages
- NREM1 and NREM2 are light sleep and the sleeper may not realise they are sleeping
- NREM3 and NREM4 are deep sleep and the sleeper is likely to feel drowsy and disorientated when woken during this stage
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dyssomnia & parasomnia
dyssomnia- one type of disorder characterised by difficulty falling. staying and appropriately timing sleep
causes:
poor sleep habits
inadequate coping strategies to deal with stress
sleep-onset insomnia:
type of dyssomnia
involves consistent difficulty falling asleep. once asleep individuals are typically able to sleep through the night
impacts:
reduced quality of sleep
cause frustration about inability to fall asleep
parasomnia- one type of sleep disorder that involves abnormal events or activities that occur during sleep. these can either be physiological (eg. sleepwalking, abnormal movement) or psychological (eg. nightmares)
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