Pelvic floor
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Definition

The pelvic floor consists of the soft tissues within the bony pelvis. These tissues enclose the outlet to the pelvis and are part of the birth canal.

Functions

To keep the pelvis and abdominal contents in place including the gravid uterus.

To allow access to the outside of the bladder, the uterus and the rectum

Structure

Urogenital hiatus – an anteriorly situated gap, which allows passage of the urethra (and the vagina in females).

Rectal hiatus – a centrally positioned gap, which allows passage of the anal canal.

Layers

Deep layer

The levator ani

Ishio coccygens

Ilio coccygeus

Pubis coccygeus

Middle layer

The deep transverse perineal

Superficial layer

The bulbo-cavernosus

The ischio-cavernosus

The superficial transverse perineal

The anal sphincter

Location

The pelvic floor is a funnel-shaped structure. It attaches to the walls of the lesser pelvis, separating the pelvic cavity from the perineum inferiorly (region which includes the genitalia and anus).

REFERENCES

SELLERS Midwifery Second Edition, Pauline McCall Sellers, Joan Dippenaar and Dicky da Serra, 2012, 100

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Original Author(s): Sophie Fidoe
Last updated: March 21, 2021

Nerve supply

The pelvic floor is considered the “floor of the core.” Innervation of the pelvic floor posteriorly is by direct efferents from the S2–4 nerve roots,

Blood supply

Its three terminal branches – the pudendal, inferior gluteal, and inferior vesical arteries – access and pierce these muscles in order to supply them. Venous drainage is achieved by the similarly named veins.