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Forest Protection (Bio Approach) - Coggle Diagram
Forest Protection (Bio Approach)
terms
forest protection
integral part of silviculture
integrated science
safeguarding the forest & resources
injurious/destructive agents
forest land
public domain
under mgmt of denr
national park, forest reserve,
A&D land
certified ng natl govt
not needed for forest purposes
private ownership
deforestation
disappearance of forest
natural
anthropogenic processes
forest destruction
damage/distrubance inflicted on forest ecosystem
components
services
cause by
agents
wind
agencies
kaingeros
miners
process
loggin
erosion
why protect forest
maintain forset productivity
sustained benefits
G & S
natural & anthro forces
constantly affecting forests
approaches in forest protection
preventive
before
example
establishment of distict boundaries
live fences, pollards
establish checkpoints
proper scaling of logs
point of origin & destinations
Information & education campaign
remedial/control
already existing injury/damage
stop, minimize, mitigate
example
imposition of fines
imprisionment
confiscation & forfeiture
logging paraphernalia
deportation (foreigner)
forest resources to be protected
trees
native trees
mangrove forest
habitat of fishes
breeding ground
forest in urban areas
ecotone
ntfps
agarwood
animals unique in PH
tamaraw
phil eagle
pollinators of certain sp
people involved in forest protection
denr
mandated to protect, manage the forest
national power corporation
forest guard
national irrigationi administration
private company
surigao devt corporation
ordinary citizens
relationship of silvi to other sciences
forest pathology
detect, prevent, control
signs & symptoms of diseases
identification & understanding
bio of destructive microorgs
silviculture
weeding & cleaning
encourage growth
pruning & sanitation cutting
liberation cutting
thinning
forest entomonlogy
identification of
destructive insects & pests
insects should also be protected
detection, prevention & control
insect infestations
ecology & silvics
ecology
interrelated chain of life
silvics
how envi rels of diff living components
forest ecosystem
affect forest prod
aim
ensure continuum chain of life
ecology
sustainability
forest laws & regulation
apprehend violations
implementing forest laws & regulations
GIS mapping & modelling
fire suppression
wildland fire
logging methods & forest engineering
felling & bucking
slash disposal
road layout & construction
cable ways
checkdams, streambank stabilization, firelines & lookout towers
how forest is destroyed
removal/elimination
any aspect
living component of the system
wounding/severing part of living components
agarwood/lapnisan
pollution
earth moving activities
road construction
subdivisions
systems no longer functioning
dead rivers
system no longer get back to normal
natural forces of forest destruction
volcanic erruption
typhoon
flooding
strong wind
increases SRO
drought
wildlife
trampling
lightning
forest fire
landslide
remove top of soil
anthropogenic forces of forest destruction
legal & illegal activities
logging
shifting cultivation
overgrazing
constant burning to encourage new growth
palatable
dams
wildlife collection
plantito/plantita
mining activities
one of the most destructive
open pit mining
monoculture plantation
falcata plantation
gall rust disease
virus
airborne
illegal occupancy
types
squatting
occupation
claimed/licensed areas
professional squatters
persons hired to occupy & develop the illegally occupied land
encroachment
expanding boundaries by persons owning the lands adjoining public lands
gradually
land grabbing
making applications/petition for ownership
lands illegally occupied by another
if title of land is not yer perfected
adverse claims
claiming public land against the government
remedial measures
protect & maintain PA & forest zone boundaries
effective & realistic resettlement programs
reexamination or change of some of our land disposition policies & procedures
more funds on forest protection
strict imposition of forest penalties
forest fire
one of most destructive agent in forest destruction
uncontained & freely spreading combustion
control/consume natural fuels of forest
wildfire
kinds in terms of fuel
ground fire
consume ground fuels
duff
partially decomposed
decomposed OM
slow movement & not affected by surface wind
produce white ash
surface fire
consume surface litter
dried leaves
black ash
affected by wind movement
fast moving
canopy/crown fire
burn lower & dry branches including canopy
affecteed by wind movement & direction
faster than surface fire
kinds in terms of location
Pine
cordillera or secondary forest
dipterocarp
logged over areas
grassland
abandoned kaingin areas
cogonal areas
fire triangle
heat
sunlight
yosi
fuel
living orgs & non living
combustible
oxygen
wind or air
fire hazard & risks
fire hazard
burnable materials
example
garbage on forest
standing trees
resinous trees
pines
almaciga
branches & twigs
fallen/dead branches
paint
seal wound of trees
tree marking
fire risk
things or human activities
examples
kids playing w/ fire
matches
camping activities
bonefire
burning of garbage
cutting of trees
how to reduce hazard
remove ignitable fuel
limited areas of special risks
remove fuels in high hazard areas
remove fuel to reinforce fire breaks
remove fuels in strops close to or around the source of risk
use of prescribed burning
reduce fuel load
break vertical continuity of fuels
layers of vegetation
canopy, dominant, understory
remove fuel in general
instead of removing heat or oxygen
how to reduce risk
IEC
control human adtivities
installation of warning sign
billboards etc
for visitors, passer bys, roaming the forest
zoning & restrictions
control visitors during summer
parts of forest fire
back/rear/base/heel
slowest spread
opposite direction ofthe widn
head front
driven by intensity & direction of the wind
finger
flank or side
relatively slow to spread than front but faster than back
flame behavior
blow up
sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread
spotting
burning embers carried away by main fire to ignite a new one
fire whirlwind
aka fire devils
little twister to tornadoes
when 2 fire meets
fire storm
merging of several forest fires
sudden increase in the fire intensity & heights
objectives of fire prevention
approaches
education
EIC
engineering
enforcement
silvicultural
fire suppresion methods
direct
advancing edge is attacked directly
water, mineral soil & beating
dig narrow line
two foot
narrow strip not more than two feet
fire burn in the strip
parallel
fire line constructed parallel from the edge of the fire
indirect/backfirect
use of water
most effective method
abundant supply of water
success depend on effective means of transportation
most economical
hand spray pumps
use soil
more readily available than water
not as effective as water
smother the fire
cool burning material
best applied w/ shovel
applied for ground fire
beating out
absence of soil & water
aka sweeping or pushing in
fire toward the burn area
suited on fire feeding on light surface litter