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Menorrhagia image - Coggle Diagram
Menorrhagia image
Signs & Symptoms
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Symptoms of anemia, such as tiredness, fatigue or shortness of breath
Nursing interventions
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve), help reduce menstrual blood loss. NSAIDs have the added benefit of relieving painful menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea).
Oral contraceptives. Aside from providing birth control, oral contraceptives can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce episodes of excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
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Causes
Hormone imbalance. In a normal menstrual cycle, a balance between the hormones estrogen and progesterone regulates the buildup of the lining of the uterus (endometrium), which is shed during menstruation
Dysfunction of the ovaries. If your ovaries don't release an egg (ovulate) during a menstrual cycle (anovulation), your body doesn't produce the hormone progesterone, as it would during a normal menstrual cycle
Uterine fibroids. These noncancerous (benign) tumors of the uterus appear during your childbearing years.
Polyps. Small, benign growths on the lining of the uterus (uterine polyps) may cause heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
References
Ferri FF. Menorrhagia. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 10, 2017.
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Complications
Anemia. Menorrhagia can cause blood loss anemia by reducing the number of circulating red blood cells.
Severe pain. Along with heavy menstrual bleeding, you might have painful menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea).
Pathophysiology
Excessive menstrual bleeding, or menorrhagia, may be due to an imbalance of the thyroid or adrenal hormones, but it may also be the result of local disease of the pelvic organs.
This local disease may be inflammation due to infection; it may be a benign tumour such as a fibroid; it may be a polyp, or projecting mass of endometrium; or it may be a cancer, especially after age 35.
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