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Premenstrual tensions syndrome image, PREMENSTRUAL TENSION SYNDROME -…
Premenstrual tensions syndrome 
Definition
Is a group of physical and behavioral changes that some women experience before their menstrual periods every month.
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Causes
Cyclic changes in hormones. Signs and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome change with hormonal fluctuations and disappear with pregnancy and menopause
Chemical changes in the brain. Fluctuations of serotonin, a brain chemical (neurotransmitter) that's thought to play a crucial role in mood states, could trigger PMS symptoms
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Pathophysiology
PMS is likely to be influenced by the action of progesterone on neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), opioids, serotonin, and catecholamine
Preexisting serotonin deficiency with increased progesterone sensitivity is also considered responsible for this disorder
An increase in prolactin levels or an increase in its sensitivity to the effect of prolactin, glucose metabolism alterations
References
Vaghela N, Mishra D, Sheth M, Dani VB. To compare the effects of aerobic exercise and yoga on Premenstrual syndrome. J Educ Health Promot. 2019;8:199. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
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Management of premenstrual syndrome: Green-top guideline No. 48. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2017;124:e73.
Nursing care plan
Nurses can support women emotionally by demonstrating that their worries about PMS are taken seriously.
advice a moment to exercise helps to reduce stress, tension, anxiety, and depression
Vitamin and mineral supplements – Vitamin B6 (up to 100 mg/day) might have a small benefit for women with mild PMS
Modified diet
Eat smaller, more-frequent meals to reduce bloating and the sensation of fullness.
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