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Types of Medicine, References - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Disease prevention is attempted in several ways:
        
        By performing certain ceremonies or rituals of purification.
        
        By adhering to prohibitions or taboos.
        
        By possessing objects endowed with magical power, among which are the following:
        
        Fetish.
        
        Object endowed with an active magical power, which acts according to the intention of the owner. They usually represent deities.
        
        Amulet
        
        Serves a single predetermined purpose. It exerts a passive protective role, often by the analogy of its form or its matter with the pursued purpose.
        
        Talisman:
        
        Protects or brings good luck in general. It is understood as a vehicle of forces, by virtue of its engraved sign, its written words or the substance of which it is made.
    - - Interpretations of disease and traditional healing methods.
        
        Transmitted orally among the people.
        
        Composed of conceptual, empirical, symbolic, magical and religious elements intermingled indissolubly.
  - - - Interpretations derived from a:
        
        Magical Mentality
        
        Assuming the existence
        of supernatural forces.
        
        Ex.
        
        The action of divinities.
        
        The wrath of demons.
        
        The spirits of the dead.
        
        The magical power of certain objects or persons.
        
        To believe that other worlds exist, superimposed or parallel to the physical world.
        
        The universe is conceived as structured in several levels, worlds or dimensions.
        
        To think that everything that happens in this world is the result of supernatural forces or powers that live in some other world.
        
        Everything that happens in the world is the result of a destiny or providential plan.
        
        Attribute to certain special individuals the capacity to enter in contact with other worlds.
        
        Some people could access the other worlds, to obtain help from them and thus influence events in the physical world.
        
        Trust that supernatural forces can be manipulated by means of certain rituals or magical procedures.
        
        To control the supernatural, one resorts to a magical ritual that is usually very rigid and repetitive.
    - - Remedies that have been found at random, tried by trial and error.
- - - - Its main therapeutic resources are:
        
        Herbal Remedies.
        
        Compendium of Materia Medica:
        
        Contains 1,871 medicinal botanical species.
        
        Acupuncture.
        
        Began to be practiced at the beginning of the XIX century.
        
        Theoretical foundation:
        
        Practice:
        
        Consists of inserting needles in specific points of the skin, along the meridians, to correct the altered flow.
        
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        Meridians:
        
        Circular channels that run through the body.
        
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        Existence of 12 main meridians.
        
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      - Was the only form of medicine practiced in China until 1840.
        
        It's mainly used to treat chronic diseases and as a complement to conventional medicine.
      - It's based on cosmological doctrine:
        
        The Tao:
        
        It is a creative principle, unchanging and eternal reality.
        
        Yin and Yang:
        
        2 opposing principles whose interaction constitutes the universe.
        
        Yin:
        
        Predominates in the opposite manifestations from the yang.
        
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        Yang:
        
        Principle that predominates in certain manifestations of reality.
        
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        The 5 cosmetic elements:
        
        The elements are five: water, earth, fire, wood, and metal.
        
        They have an explanatory role.
      - Another concepts that the Chinese medicine is based on:
        
        Man is a microcosm:
        
        Tthe great universe (macrocosm) and in intimate relationship with it.
        
        The human body is an integrated whole, so that the alteration of a part is reflected in the whole.
        
        The body is divided and subdivided into a series of pairs of forces, functions and opposing parts, whose interaction and complementation explain the functioning of the whole.
        
        There is a system of "channels" that intercommunicates the parts.
        
        Diseases are produced by the imbalance of some pair of opposites, or by a disturbance in the flow of energy through the channels.
        
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    - - One of the traditional Indian Medicine, as well as one of the oldest medical systems in the world is the:
        
        Ayurvedic Medicine.
        
        Combines products (mainly derived from plants, but may also include animal, metal, and mineral), diet, exercise, and lifestyle.
  - - - Three different methodological perspectives.
        
        the main objective of the doctors at the
        
        Contemporary medicine.
        
        Was to turn medicine into a true natural science.
      - The anatomo-clinical.
        
        Affirming that the disease resides in an anatomical lesion.
        
        There was very little it could say about altered functional processes, or about the causes of the diseases.
      - The pathophysiological.
        
        Laboratory research to the study of clinical problems.
        
        It was stated that a disease consists of a functional alteration.
      - The etiopathological.
        
        Mentality that is interested in discovering the causes of diseases.
        
        Was possible to assure that a disease is caused by an infection.
      - Today, this 3 mentalities have ended up integrating and complementing each other.
        
        Also, they form the strongest scientific core of medical practice.
        
        Studies on the constitution and genetic inheritance have been added.
        
        Current treatises on pathology describe diseases referring them successively to their:
        
        Etiology.
        
        Pathological anatomy.
        
        Physiopathology.
        
        Enriched thanks to the contributions of molecular biology.
    - - Observe.
        
        Ask a question.
        
        Make a hypothesis.
        
        Make predictions based on the hypothesis.
        
        Test.
        
        Use results to make more predictions.
        
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