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Genetics, evolution - Coggle Diagram

- - - - to activate a gene, the DNA must partially unwind from the histones
      - the result of an experience in some way alters the chemical environment within a cell
        
        in some cases the outcome adds acetyl groups (COCH3) to the histone tails near a gene, causing the histones to loosen their grip, therefore facilitating the expression of that gene
        
        removal of the acetyl group causes the histones to tighten their grip on the DNA, turning the gene off
        
        adding methyl groups to a promoter turns off a gene, removing them turns on a gene
- - - - any similarity implies environmental influences
- - - - both sexes have the genes, but sex hormones activate them in one sey and not the other, or more than the other (many show their effects at puberty)
  - - - any man with the recessive form of this gene on his X chromosome is red-green color deficient, gecause he has no other X chromosome - a woman is color deficient only if she has that recessive gene on both of her X chromosomes
- - - - one type of RNA molecule, a messenger RNA serves as a template for the synthesis of protein molecules
      - not all RNA molecules code for proteins - many perform regulatory functions
    - - the order determines the order of corresponding bases along an RNA molecule: adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil
        
        and this order determines the order of amino acids that compose a protein
        
        any protein consists of some combination of 20 amino acids
        
        some proteins form part of the structure of the body, others serve as entymes, biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body