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Belen O. Esparza Period 2 Orientation to the Body, image, image, :arrow…
Belen O. Esparza
Period 2
Orientation to the Body
body regions and regional terms
regional terms
Popliteal
- back of knee
Antebrachial
- forearm
Cubital
- elbow
Brachial
- arm
Femoral
- thigh
Calcaneal
- heel
Inguinal
- groin
Sacreal
- area between the hips
Mental
- chin
Sternal
- bone located in middle of chest
Vertebral
- spinal column
body regions
levels of organization
atoms
- smallest unit of chemicals
molecules
- 2 or more atoms
macromolecules
- larger particles composed of small molecules bound together
organelles
- aggregates of macromolecules that do specific functions in cells
cells
- basic units of structure, function in all living things
tissues
- groups of cells that function together
organs
- groups of tissues with specialized functions
organ systems
- groups of organs that function together
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planes and sections of the body
sections of the body
Transverse section
- horizontal section
Saggital section
- longitudinal section, passes through mid-line
Frontal section
- coronal section
planes
median (mid-saggital) plane
- separates the left and right side equally
coronal/frontal
- separates the anterior and posterior side equally
transverse plane
- separates the superior and inferior side equally
parasaggital plane
- separates left and right but the plane could be away from the mid-line, thus separating into unequal parts
all major body systems
reproduction
Female Reproduction System :bird:
- produces female sex cells, receives the male ones for fertilization, houses offspring, gives birth
Male reproduction system :bee:
- produces, maintains, and conducts sperm to female reproductive tract
integration+coordination
Nervous System
:nerd_face: - cells communicate with eachother+muscles+glands, sensory reception, & stimulation of muscles and glands
Endocrine system :smiley: :angry:
- hormones alter metabolism of specific cells
absorption+exertion
Respiratory system :no_smoking:
- moves air into and out of lungs O2 in, CO2 out
Urinary system :potable_water:
- removes wastes from blood, helps maintain blood & electrolyte balance
Digestive system :poop:
- receives, breaks down, and absorbs nutrients, execrates waste
support+movment
Skeletal system :skull:
- supports+protects soft tissues, provides framework, & blood producing tissue
Muscular system
:muscle: - provides body movement, posture, & is major source of body heat
transport
Cardiovascular system :<3:
- distributes oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, & removes waste from cells
Lymphatic system :no_entry:
- drains exess tissue fluid, returns it to blood stream, & defends the body against infection
body covering
Integumentary system
:haircut::skin-tone-4: - protects regulatory tissues, regulates body temp. sensory receptors, &synthesizes some products
homeostasis and feedback loops
Homeostasis
- the maintaining of stability, the internal environment remains the same despite external changes
Homeostatic mechanisms
- control systems
receptors
- detect+monitor specific changes
set point
- normal value or range
Effectors
-muscles/glands that respond to changes, and return internal environment to stability
feedback loops
positive feedback
loop
- enhance/ amplify change
negative feedback loop
- reversing to change back to set point
directional terms
Bi-lateral
(body) - paired structures with one on each side
Medial
(body) - closer to mid-line
Medial
(body) - closer to mid-line
Proximal
(arms and legs)- closer to point of attachment
Anterior
(body): towards the front
Distal
(arms and legs)- further from point of attachment
Superior
: above another part
Inferior
(body) - away from head, lower
Ipsilateral
- structures on the same side of body
Contralateral
(body) - structures on the opposite sides
Deep
- more internal
Superficial
- near the surface or outward
Lateral
: to the sides, further from point of origin
Posterior
(body): toward the back
Body cavities
dorsal cavities
Cranial cavity
- brain
Vertebral (spinal) cavity
- spine
ventral cavities
Thoracic cavity
Pericardial cavity within mediastinum
- heart
Pleural cavity
- surrounds lungs
Superior mediastinum
- heart, thymus gland
Abdominal-pelvic cavity
Pelvic cavity
- large intestine, bladder, internal reproductive organs
Abdominal cavity
- stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and intestines
:arrow_left: regulated control through :arrow_right:
body functions properly when everything is in control
Right inguinal region
Left hypochondriac region
Left lumbar region
Left inguinal region
Umbilical region
Pelvic region
right lumbar region
Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
