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REPRODUCTION - Coggle Diagram
REPRODUCTION
repruduction in plants
Binary Fission
occurs when a cell simply grows larger, replicates its DNA in genes and chromosomes, and then forms a cell membrane down the mid-section of the cell to form 2 new 'daughter' cells.
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Budding
occurs when a small part of the parent's body separates from the rest and develops into a new individual, eventually either becoming an independent organism or part of an attached colony.
Spore Formation
occurs where special cells with resistant coverings form. These coverings are resistant to unfavourable environmental conditions such as heat, cold or dryness.
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Fragmentation
occurs when a parent body is broken into pieces, and each piece may form a new individual.
Regeneration
is the natural process of replacing or restoring damaged or missing cells, tissues, organs, and even entire body parts to full function in plants and animals.
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Parthenogenesis
It is a form of reproduction based on the development of unfertilized female sex cells (ova), which occurs with some frequency.
Human Reproduction
Gametes:
are the reproductive cells. The male gamete is called the sperm in many animals, and pollen in many complex plants. The female gamete is called the egg or ovum (Plural: ova).
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Gonads:
are the reproductive organs that produce gametes and sex hormones. The human male gonad is called the testis (Plural: testes), and the female gonad is the ovary.
Puberty:
is the time during teenage years when males start to produce sperm, and females start to release eggs. Puberty occurs a couple of years earlier for females than males usually.
Menopause:
is the time when females stop releasing eggs. This usually occurs between 45 to 55 years of age. However, males do not undergo menopause and produce sperm all their lives following puberty.
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Sexual reproduction
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Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction - Energy is expended in finding a mate in many organisms. However some organisms have both male and female reproductive organs that are able to produce gametes simultaneously.
Advantages of Sexual Reproduction - There is greater genetic variation of the offspring and therefore, greater chance of survival in changing environments.
Sexual reproduction
meiosis-two parents, make offspring with 50% of their genes from the mom and 50% of their chromosomes from the dad
the hidras, coral, strawberries, sculent(i.e aloe, ice plant): use asexual reproduction
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Advantages of Asexual Reproduction - No energy is expended to find a mate. There is a high chance of survival of the offspring, if the offspring remains near the parent in a stable environment.
Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction - Less genetic diversity gives the offspring a lesser chance of survival if the environment changes.
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