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ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION - Coggle Diagram
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
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Bioavailability
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Factors that influence
solubility of drug
very hydrophilic- poorly absorbed
lipid soluble drugs- readily absorbed, increase biavailability
chemical instability
decreased bioavailability
penicilin G- unstable in gastric contents
insulin- destroyed in GI tract BY DEGRADATIVE ENZYMES
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Enteral:
oral, rectal route
example: Tab, paracetamol, cap, amoxycillin, amoxicilin
drug formulations: tablet, capsules, syrups
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SUBLINGUAL
placed under the tongue, direct absorption into the bloodstream
eg: tab, nifedipine tab, nitroglycerin
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RECTAL ROUTE
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e.g: laxative, paracetamol, diazepam
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Other routes
inhalation
example: salbutamol, budesonide
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drug formulations: inhalers, spacer with inhaler (produce max effect)
intranasal
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example: treatment diabetes insipidus (demopressin)
treat osteoporosis (salmon calcitonin, peptide hormone as nasal spray)
transdermal
applied on skin (chest/abdomen/upper arm) for absorption into circulation for systemic (delivered constant & predictable rate)
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example: nitroglycerin, clonidine, nicotine, estradiol
topical
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example:
-clomitrazole as a cream to skin (treat dermatophysis)
- tropicamide into the eye (dilate pupil?)
drug formulation:
cream, ointments, lotions, drops
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