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3) 3 TYPES OF DECISION MAKING FOR POLICY ADOPTION - Coggle Diagram
3) 3 TYPES OF DECISION MAKING FOR POLICY ADOPTION
Bargaining
The major technique used
Involve dialogue or compromise to obtain a result that is acceptable to both parties, such as give and take to reach an agreement.
The two components of bargaining are:
Social diversity. Labor unions and business organisations are two examples.
2) The practice of the constitution exists. For instance, bicameral legislature, separation of powers, and federalism.
There are two methods of bargaining
Explicit
To avoid ambiguity, each party should clearly declare their bargains or commitments.
For instance, the lawmakers made it quite apparent that they concurred.
Implicit
The terms of the bargaining agreement between the parties are hazy and unclear
For instance, it is vague and unclear when it refers to potential assistance or a favourable outcome.
Common forms of bargaining
Side payments.
Rewards for the supporters, such as assistance with a campaign
Compromise.
Explicit bargaining. It focuses on one issue yet poses numerous questions.
Logrolling.
Supporters from who are not really interested (implicit)
Command
The order or judgement of those with the power to bind other people within their jurisdiction. It entails a hierarchical connection between superiors and subordinates.
Rewards or penalties are examples of sanctions.
Those subordinates who agree will receive benefits like praise and promotions. Those who do not comply, though, risk being demoted or fired.
Persuasion
Making an argument to win people over, persuade them, or encourage adoption in others. Another goal is to increase support for their preferred causes without having to change their own viewpoints.
Instrument for persuasions are:
Factually accurate information
Use factual evidence to back up the points and use logic and good reasoning.
Convincing arguments
Commands
Having the capacity to make decisions and needing submission from lower levels of authority
May employ penalties and rewards as sanctions