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Chapter 5 Policy Recommendation - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 5
Policy Recommendation
Structure (components) of Policy Recommendations Paper (Proposal)
C1 : Introduction
This component tells / convince decision makers on the background of problem / issue and justify why policy decision is required
C2- Policy Options (Alternatives)
This component proposes / suggests to the policy makers the possible alternatives (options) that can be considered to solve problem of conserned.
Generally 3-5 possible alternatives (options) is included for the consideration of policy makers
Examples of Policy Options
PROBLEM: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
PO 1 - Control and prevent solid pollution from agricultural activities
PO 2 - Control and prevent solid pollution from industrial production
PO 3 - Empowerment of task
PO 4 - Appoinment of committee
PO 5 - Incentives
C3 - POLICY OPTION ANALYSIS
Cost benefit analysis
Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) is one of the techniques used to ensure efficiency in public policy decision particularly in the appraisal of alternative to solving public problem.
CBA process:
Step 1: analyse costs
Step 2: analyse benefits
Step 3: Assign monetary values (RM) to the various cost & benefits
Step 4: Allocate discount rate to equate present value for future effects
Step 5: Compare overall cost and benfits
Step 6: Decide option that maximize benefits/minimize costs
Cost Analysis
Identify program (options) costs
Only incremental costs are included
Non- economic benefits is not included
4 .Exclusion of non-economic program costs
Valuation of economic costs – shadow pricing
Calculation of externalities
Scheduling of program costs by year
Expression of costs - use constant prices
Benefit Analysis
Identification of all program benefits
Calculate only benefits that could be obtained from the program
Exclusion of non-economic benefits
Shadow price economic items
Calculation of externalities
Benefits added on a yearly basis
Constant prices should be used
Risk analysis
It refers to combination of the likelihood and the consequences of the negative effect of the policy option
It must be thoroughly assessed by the concerned body before any policy option is adopted
Analysis may include health effect, death, injury, exposure, property loss, environmental effect and evacuation
Types of Risk Analysis
Threat Analysis
Threats are described as anything that would contribute to the tampering, destruction or interruption of any service or item of value.
Analysis of acceptable risks
to assess whether or not the existing policies, procedures and
protection items in place are adequate. If there are no safeguards in place providing adequate protection, it can be assumed that there are vulnerabilities.
Feasibility analysis
Involve process of evaluating and analyzing policy potential to support decision making
Purpose of feasibility analysis is to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of the recommended policy option
Focusing on the costs involve and benefits (economic value)
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS TYPES
Political feasibility
Economic and financial feasibility
Administrative Feasibility
Technical Feasibility
Socio cultural feasibility
C4 - POLICY RECOMMENDATION
Recommend to policy makers the most appropriate alternative (policy option) from among the alternative that have been analyzed
This recommendation is made base on conclusion made from analysis of policy option done
C 5 - Conclusion
indicates the benefit / result expected should the policy alternative (option) recommendation is accepted and implemented
C 6 –Implementation Suggestions
indicate the various agencies that will be responsible in implementing the policy option recommended should the recommendation is accepted / legalized.
4.Requirements / factors for policy recommendation to be adopted
Content of proposal – must be technically sound
Cost to implement policy option recommended – must be reasonable
Deliberation
Recommendation is politically acceptable
Popular support/public consent - Public will accept and comply if it is implemented
Policy recommendation process and procedures – Malaysian Experience
a) Policy recommendation is an administrative process
b) Involve mostly the non-political executives from various levels such as the Cabinet Committees, councils such as the National Development Councils, National Economic Council, and agencies to do the paper
Policy recommendation process and procedures – Malaysian Experience
a) Once policy decision is made, the relevant ministry / agency will prepare the policy recommendation proposal
b) Several committees involving various related ministries / agencies will be appointed to prepare the proposal
c) Relevant consultants will be appointed (if necessary)
d) The final draft of the policy recommendation will be presented to the relevant councils (such as the National Development Councils, National Economic Council) for review
e) The amended draft (after reviewed) is now ready (in the form of a draft bill) to be submitted to the Cabinet for approval
Characteristics of a good policy recommendation paper (proposal)
Well structured / organized
Well-defined purpose for an identified problem / issue / target group
Concise
Readable
Accurate
Clear
Policy Recommendation Purpose
To help policy maker to make effective decision
To inform policy maker whether the policy recommendation is accepted as sound advice or not
Meaning of Policy Recommendation
A written policy advice / policy suggestion ( policy options) paper prepared for the consideration of some group that has authority to make policy decisions, such as a cabinet, council, committee or other body pertaining to public issue.
This suggestion is usually prepared by government department / agency responsible to solve the identified policy problem
At Federal government, policy recommendations are brought forward by a minister or department for approval by Cabinet