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*In Vitro Fertilization/Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis - Coggle Diagram
*In Vitro Fertilization/Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Process
Stimulate egg production
Egg retrieval using needle
Sperm obtained
Egg and sperm combined in lab
Embryos are monitored to confirm cell division and health
Embryos are transferred 3-5 days post-fertilization into uterus
For women >40 yo 3 embryos
Younger women up to 2 embryos
Most cases only 1 embryo is suggested
Success
~42% for women <35
~15% for women >40
Risks
Multiple pregnancies (20-30%)
Ectopic pregnancy
Cancellation by the mother
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Mechanical injury to other organs during egg retrieval
Greater risk of premature delivery/Cea sections
Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
How
Testing embryos for genetic abnormalities prior to IVF implantation
Uses single cell from the 8-cell stage
Possible Tests
Karyotyping
FISH
PCR to amplify specific genomic regions
Whole genome amplification followed by microarray or deep sequencing to look at copy number variation
Prenatal amniocentesis or CVS is often recommended as a supplemental test
Genome Editing and IVF/PGD
CRISPR