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T1DM - Coggle Diagram
T1DM
Complications
Heart disease (CVD)
Kidneys: DKD - diabetes increases BP = damage to kidneys, tested for DKD annually if have had T1DM >5 yrs
Diabetic neuropathy: nerve damage, delayed wound healing, ulcers and amputation
Diabetic retinopathy: high BGLs weaken/damage small blood vessels within retina, can cause haemorrhages
Two types
Immune mediated: beta cells destroyed by autoimmune process
Idiopathic: cause of beta cell function loss
Hyperglycaemia >15mmol/L
Causes: not enough insulin, eating too much carbs, sick/infection, stress, reduced PA
Symptoms: thirst, fatigue, blurred vision, urination, lack of concentration, irritable
Hypoglycaemia <4mmol/L
Causes: missing a meal, not eating enough carbs for a given dose of insulin, unplanned PA, strenuous exercise, drinking alcohol, some meds
Symptoms: shaking, trembling, weakness, sweating, light headed/headache, paleness, slurred speech, unconsciousness, confusion
Possible PES
Inconsistent Carbohydrate intake
Inappropriate intake of carbohydrates
Signs and symptoms
Polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, wound healing, weight loss
DKA
Produce ketones to use for energy when body can't use glucose for energy, increases blood acidity
Diagnosis
Fasting plasma, random plasma, OGTT (fasting: 5.5-6.9, random: 5.5-11), HbA1c, geno testing
CHO portions
3-4 for women or 4-5 for men at main meals and 1-2 at snacks (PEN)