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What were the similarities and differences between domestic opposition…
What were the similarities and differences between domestic opposition movements against the Nazis?
(writing the people, age, background, job, date, aim and methods will also help)
Rose
Similarities:
- Indirect form of opposing (similar to sister denise)
- Was found out and executed shortly after
Difference:
- distributed leaflets and used graffiti to decry nazi crimes and the political system ( printed thousands of pamphlets at the national university )
Description: A college student that wanted to raise awareness on Nazi crimes that was a part of a resistance group called the White rose with her brother and father
people: Sophie Scholl
Background: Sophie and their siblings was a happy follower of the National Socialist cult of youth but her parents, especially her dad didn't like them involving in Nazi youth groups so tell them about truth behind them
July Bomb Plot
Description A failed assassination plan carried out by a senior officer, Claud Von Stauffenburg, in the Wolf’s Lair located in east Prussia
difference:
- tried to assassinate Hitler
- The plan was changed so much during the attempt (the venue was changed, the bag he placed near the Hitler was cleared by other person)
- this place took place within the nazi circle.
- he had an direct access to hitler
similarity:
- not only were members of the Kerisau Circle were arrested but also the german officers.
- Conspirators were arrested and hanged
Sister Denise
Description
-French nun, saved 83 Jewish children
-Indirect opposition
-Method: by hiding Jewish refugees
-Aim: to save as much children as possible
-Has a religious job (similar to Bonhoeffer and Galen)
Differences:
- not actually taking place in Germany
- Not much effort on Nazi regime
- Focused on saving rather than opposing (indirect form of opposing on Nazi regime)
- physically rescued + hid differences jewish children
Similarities:
- passive, non violent resistance like Rose and paster Galen
- Saved people like the Edelweiss pirates
Edelweiss Pirates
Differences:
-there was no plot, it was an active and open resistance
-only ringleaders faced severe punishments
-they couldn’t exterminate all of them since they needed future workers
-didn’t have strong political views'
Similarities
-They were upfront about opposing Nazis
-They sheltered deserters and prisoners from Nazis similar to how Sister Denise did
-Not official Nazi opponents
Description:
- Working class teenagers, 14-17
- Taunted and mocked Nazi regime (especially Hitler youth)
Bonhoeffer
Similarities:
- Was a pastor like Galen
- Hanged near the end of the war
- Helped Jewish refugees like Sister Denise
Differences:
- Was a lower level pastor unlike Galen
- Actively participated in assassination plots
- He got executed at the end unlike Galen
Kreisau Circle
Differences
- Wanted to “fix” the political system of Nazi regime after the third reich
- disbanded shortly after Motlke’s death in 1944
Similarities
- Passive, civil resistance against the Nazis
- No physical action against regime
-8 were trialed and hanged after the failed bomb plot
-Worked closely with other resistance group such as the.church
Description:
- group of men who had opposition to Hitler's moral and religious grounds.
- Group of young men (25 years old)
Galen
Similarities:
- Galen, Bonhoeffer both had religious job(=paster)
- Preached and criticized Hitler
Differences:
- Didn't get assassinated even though he stood against the nazi regimes
- Passive resistance
Differences between all:
- Even thought they all opposed to Nazi regimes , it's not all in the same way
- They had different methods (not everyone like the German officer had access to Hitler)
- These people did what they could given the resources they had
- Resistance was in form of Direct and Indirect
- Opposition to Nazis came in different levels, from higher status and lower status.
Final Question: Why do you think all forms of opposition in Germany failed to remove the Nazis from power?
- Most were passive and failed to gain traction with the public, got arrested and executed quickly
- Most of the resistance were in small scale, were not strong enough to topple the Nazi regime.
- Had dangerous consequences in opposing the Nazi regime, ordinary people would never take the risk
- Amount of people who supported Hitler was much more than people who actually challenged Hitler.
- Secrete police like SS, SA and the Gestapo
- They all had different attitude and aims towards opposing the Nazi regime.( Isolated, no common aims, didn't work together to overthrow the Nazis)
- Hitler's cult of personality was so strong that most of the Germans thought that he was a mythical figure. Couldn't challenge and criticise Hitler easily.
- They never had strong mission statement and values
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