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Domestic opposition movements against the Nazis, GROUPS/ORGANISATIONS,…
Domestic opposition movements against the Nazis
POLITICAL REASONS
Kreisau Circle (To plan for when Germany lost the war to reorganize the government)
White Rose (To spread the message to Germans so they protest aginst Hitler and would stop the war)
Edelweiss Pirates (To sabotage the Hitler youth in order to escape the discipline and control of the Hitler Youth and the Nazi regime)
July Bomb plot (To attempt to assassinate Hitler so that they could ensure continuity of government without him)
White Rose (a non-violent, intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany which was led by five students (and one professor))
Edelweiss Pirates (a loosely organized group of youths aged from 14 to 17 opposed to the status quo of Nazi Germany. )
Kreisau Circle (group of about twenty-five German dissidents, composed of men and women from all backgrounds)
INDIVIDUALS
Galen
Bonhoeffer
Sister Denise
RELIGIOUS REASONS
Sister Denise (Catholic)
Galen (Catholic)
Bonhoeffer (Catholic)
YOUTH GROUPS
White Rose
Edelweiss Pirates
1930-1939
Bonhoeffer (1938)
Galen (1934)
Edelweiss Pirates
DATES
1940 - 1945
July Bomb plot (1944)
White Rose group (1942)
Kreisau Circle (1940)
Sister Denise (1942)
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Galen
One of few anti-nazi protesters that suffered no punishment due to the Nazis fear of increased public unrest. He also was the only one that caused Hitler to (temporarily) stop his plans/change his mind
Bonhoeffer
He had a chance to escape the war but returned. He wrote books which were then banned. He helped jews escape the Nazis.
White Rose
Youth group that sent anti-nazi leaflets to thousands of Germans. Started by the Scholl family. Both brother, friend and sister were executed.
Sister Denise
Physically rescued and hid jewish children, only person in this group of people that was not from Germany (French)
Kreisau Circle
At their meetings, the circle discussed how they would reorganize the German government after the end of the Third Reich, therefore were not planning to overthrow Hitler but simply planned for the assumption that Germany would lose the war
Edelweiss Pirates
Only group of young people that fought against/comitted sabotage missions against Hitler youth groups, specifically Hitler Youth.
July Bomb Plot
Only plot where the aim was to assassinate Hitler. Only plot where one of the involved was in Hitler's close circle.
SOCIAL CLASS
HIGHER SOCIAL CLASSES
-
Galen (son of a wealthy architect) :
Bonhoeffer (born to an upper-class German family in 1906)
LOWER SOCIAL CLASSES
Edelweiss Pirates were mostly working class youth.
BOTH
Kreisau Circle - men and women from all types of backgrounds with a common goal.
The White Rose group as Sophie and her brother were born into an upper middle class family, and although there was no restrictions on class, most of the members were also born into relitively wealthy family
WHY DID OPPOSITION FAIL TO REMOVE HITLER AND THE NAZIS FROM POWER?
Due to the SS, the SA and the Gestapo meant that most opposition was found extremely quickly and either excecuted or sent to concentration camps, meaning that they did not fully achieve their goals and were not fully successful
Due to Nationalism, and because the majority of people liked Hitler and thought that he was the best thing that had happened to them therefore the oppposition was unable to persuade many people so they never had a mass of followers that could overthrow the regime.
Many people were too intimidated to speak out due to Hitler and the Nazis using terror and violence against other oppositions
They had very different aims so they didnt work together and therefore were not able to overthrow the Nazis alone (some wanted to simply save people in danger from the Nazis and some wanted to overthrow the Nazi regime)
GROUPS/ORGANISATIONS
REASONS