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Chapter 1: Cells, Genomes, and the Diversity of Life - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 3.5-3.8 bya
    - - monomers
        
        A,T,C,G
  - - - makes complementary strand
        
        determined by base-pairing
    - - strands separated
        
        each used as a template #
  - - - Transcription
        
        RNA
        
        Translation
        
        Protein
  - - - any molecule that speeds up a specific chemical reaction without itself being changed
  - - - mRNA
        
        sequence from DNA
      - tRNA
        
        brings in amino acids
      - rRNA
        
        make up ribosomes
  - - - or a single catalytic, regulatory, or structural RNA molecule
    - - controls expression of genes
        
        when and how often it is read and used to make a protein
  - - - food
      - sunlight
  - - - bilayer
      - semipermeable
        
        membrane transport proteins
        
        passive transport
  - - - random molecular collisons
      - diffusion
      - determines rate of biochemical reactions
- - - - membrane bound nucleus
      - larger than bacteria and archaea
      - longer genomes
      - other membrane bound organelles
      - plants, animals, fungi, and some single-celled organisms
    - - Most diverse
        
        many ecological niches
        
        varied biochemical abilities
      - microscopic
        
        spherical or rod-shaped
      - plasma membrane and often a cell wall
    - - lack internal membrane bound organelles
      - genomes are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria
      - wide variety of ecological niches
    - - aligning and analyzing
      - rRNA to start (similar in all species)
        
        compare other portions of DNA for more closely related species
        
        highly conserved
  - - - eat other living things or organic materials
    - - energy from sunlight
    - - energy from energy-rich systems of inorganic materials
- - - - holds DNA
        
        chromosomes
      - nuclear envelope
        
        pores
    - - mechanical strength and other functions
    - - cell membrane components
      - materials for secretion
    - - packages and modifies
    - - intracellular digestion
    - - inactivate toxic materials
    - - O2 and food to make ATP
    - - photosynthesis
        
        endosymbiote theory
    - - RNA to proteins
- - - - bacteriophage lambda
      - bacteriophage T4
  - - - fertilized outside of body