Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Human Performance 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - mental function
        
        Judgement
        
        Change in personality
        
        Reduced memory
        
        Effects on senses
        
        Reduced consciousness
    - - Fatigue/stress
      - Altitude
      - Cold
      - Exposure time
      - Illness/heat
      - Alcohol/drugs
    - - Insufficient OXYGENATION of the blood in the lungs
    - - insufficient HAEMOGLOBIN in the blood (blood loss/diet etc)
    - - Heart or circulatory problems, poor circulation leads to insufficient oxygen reaching the tissues
    - - Poisoning of cells/tissues (alcohol abuse etc)
  - - - light headedness
      - Tingling
      - Tunneling vision
      - Collapse/unconciousness
- - - - Outer Ear
        
        Pinna
        
        Ear canal
      - Middle ear
        
        Small air filled chamber containing amplifying equipment (ossicles)
        
        Malleus
        
        Incus
        
        Stapes
        
        Eustachian tube connected to nasal passage for equalising
      - Inner Ear
        
        Cochlea
        
        Sound waves are converted into nerve impulses
        
        Vestibular apparatus for balance
        
        Cushioned by fluid
  - - - Conductive concerns the outer and middle ear
      - Mostly always reversible
    - - Inner ear pathology
      - Mostly non-reversible
  - - - Pitch
      - Loudness (Decibels)
- - - - Extends from Sea level to approx 60 000ft
  - - - Decrease in temp with altitude 2 degrees/1000ft
      - Humans require temp of 36,5 to be able to operate normally
    - - Warm air can hold more vapour than cold air
      - Alcohol has a diuretic effect
    - - Chemically altered form of oxygen
      - Below 40 000ft there is very little ozone present
      - during compression for presurisation, external air is warmed which breaks down the ozone into oxygen
    - - Force exerted per unit area by a column of air as high as the atmosphere
      - Reduction in pressure with altitude can have dire consequences to the human body
      - Pressure causes oxygen in the lungs to diffuse into the blood stream
    - - Rad
        
        measure of the actual amount of radiation absorbed by tissues
      - Rem
        
        Amount of radiation necessary to cause biological damage
      - Galactic Radiation
        
        Short wave electromagnetic waves originating from outside the solar system
        
        the higher we fly the greater the exposure to radiation
      - Solar radiation (UV)
        
        Longer wavelength radiation originating from the sun that is necessary for the production of Vitamin D.
- - - - Brain
      - Spinal chord
    - - Connects central to the body organ systems
  - - - Body requires nutrients and oxygen which is transported around the body by the blood. Consists of Plasma and Blood cells
        
        Plasma
        
        Yellowish colored fluid consisting of 90% water
        
        Blood cells
        
        contains Iron rich hemoglobin
        
        formed in the red marrow of flat bones
        
        White blood cells
        
        Part of the body's defense system which produce antibodies
        
        Platelets
        
        Key ingredient in forming blood clots
      - Blood Sugar
        
        Bulk of the energy required is obtained from carbs
        
        these carbs are digested and converted to glucose
        
        glucose is stored in the body as glycogen
        
        insulin and Glucagon control glucose levels
        
        Hyperglycaemia (excess blood glucose)
        
        Deficiency of insulin leads to diabetes where excess glucose is not stored
        
        Hypoglycaemia (Low blood glucose)
        
        Temporary condition caused by increased insulin levels
    - - Circulation of blood throughout the body, is achieved by the heart.
      - Comprises of four chambers
      - Blood pressure
        
        Force exerted by the blood against the walls of the main artery is what keeps the blood circulating around the body.
        
        Hypertension (high blood pressure)
        
        Continued long term HBP may create an aneurysm
        
        Hypotension (Low blood pressure)
        
        Extremely rare and seldom serious or life threatening
      - Pulse rate
        
        Rate at which the heart beats
      - Rhythym
        
        Regular beat of the heart, achieved by small electrical impulses which cause the muscle fibers of the heart to contract.
    - - Blood vessels
        
        The vascular system is a network of arteries, veins and capillaries which transport blood throughout the body.
        
        Arteries
        
        Fairly thick walled, transfer pressure away from the heart.
        
        Veins
        
        Thinner, less flexible walls. Contain one way valves.
        
        Capillaries
        
        Smallest of the blood vessels, very fine
    - - Excretory and regulatory organs
      - Blood enters kidneys through renal artery which divides into nephrons
      - harmful waste is separated and routed via the ureter
        
        balanced substances are then reabsorbed into the capillaries and veins and returned to the body
    - - Coronary artery disease
        
        Coronary arteries are two that branch off from the aorta to provide the heart muscle with oxygenated blood
        
        Disease is caused by fatty deposits becoming attached to the inner linings of the artery causing it to become narrower and restricting blood flow.
        
        Could result in shutting off blood flow completely aka coronary thrombosis
        
        Lodged blood clot results in coronary embolism
      - Heart Failure
        
        Damaged left ventricle unable to pump blood, allowing blood build up in the heart and then lungs.
      - Angina
        
        Similar to coronary artery disease, however is more prominent with exercise
      - Stroke
        
        Sudden interruption of supply of blood to the brain as a result of ruptured blood vessel or blocked artery
      - Kidney Stones
        
        Calcium in the urine
        
        Hereditary or lack of exercise
      - Anaemia
        
        Condition - deficiency in the number of red blood cells or the amount of haemoglobin they contain.
        
        Body does not obtain sufficient oxygen from the blood