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Pernicious Anemia - Coggle Diagram
Pernicious Anemia
comorbidities
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Removal of stomach, resection of the ileum and infestation of tape worms.
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Evaluation of Symptoms
unexplained anemia, macrocytosis
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gastrointestinal symptoms such as sore tongue, anorexia, or diarrhea
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fatigue, weakness, dizziness
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Diagnosis
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bone biopsy, aspiration of bone marrow
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Tests used to diagnose pernicious anemia include moderate to sever megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia with hyper-segmented granulocytes, low levels of serum b12, elevated serum levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, outpouring of reticulocytes and increase in hematocrit level after about 5 days of parenteral administration of vitamin b12.
presence of circulating antibodies against parietal cells and intrinsic factor is also useful in diagnosis
risk factors
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Congenital IF deficiency is a genetic disorder that demonstrates an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
Frequently a component of autoimmune polyendocrinopahty, which is a cluster of autoimmune diseases of the endocrine organs.
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pathophysiology
absence of intrinsic factor. IF is secreted by gastric parietal cells and complexes with dietary vitamin b12 in the small intestine. The B12- IF complex binds to cell surface receptors in the ileum and is transported across the intestinal mucosa
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