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IMPORTANCE OF pH IN OUR DAILY LIFE - Coggle Diagram
IMPORTANCE OF pH IN OUR DAILY LIFE
Indicators
Definition
A dye/substance/solution that tells us whether a given substance is an acid or a base by a change in its color/smell.
Types
Natural: Litmus
Artificial: Methyl Orange
Olfactory: Vanilla Extract
Universal Indicator: pH Scale
Lower the pH value on the scale- acidic
Higher the pH value on the scale- basic
The neutral point on the scale is at 7.0
pH examples
Lemon Juice - 2.0
Acid rain - 5.0
Vinegar - 2.2
Milk - 6.4 - 6.9
Baking Soda - 8.3
Pure water - 7.0
Milk of magnesia - 10.5
Acids, Bases and Salts
SALTS
Types
Acidic salts - sodium carbonate (NaHCO3)
Neutral salts - Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Basic salts - zinc chloride hydroxide (Zn(OH)Cl)
Examples
Common salt
What can be obtained
Bleaching powder
Baking Soda
Washing soda
A product formed due to the the reaction of a base and an acid
ACIDS
Characteristics
Produce H+ ions in Aqueous solutions
Sour in taste
Corrosive in nature
Turns blue litmus red
Reacts with
Metals
Bicarbonates
Metal oxides
Carbonates
Bases
Bases
Characteristics
Produces OH- ions in an aqueous solution
Bitter in taste
Also corrosive in nature
Turns Red litmus Blue
Reacts with
Non-metals
Acids
Neutralisation
The reaction between an acid and a base, which results in the formation of a salt and water
Examples
Acidity in our stomach due to excess HCl. Antacids (Milk of magnesia) are used to neutralise the effect of the acidity
Using toothpastes, which are generally basic, for cleaning the teeth can neutralise the excess acid and prevent tooth decay.
Bee-sting leaves an acid which causes pain and irritation. Use of a mild base like baking soda on the stung area gives relief.
Concentration and Dilution
Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent to it. It is highly Exothermic. due to the reaction being highly exothermic, the acid is poured slowly into the water to prevent splashing of the boiling liquid/cracking of the beaker. Dilute acid: contains less number of H+(aq) ions per unit volume.
The concentration of the solution tells you how much solute has been dissolved in the solvent. A more concentrated solution has more solute than it has solvent. Concentrated acid: contains more number of H+(aq) ions per unit volume.