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Forest Genetics - Coggle Diagram

- - - - gene
        
        smallest unit
    - - 3 ploid are sterile = 3n
    - - aneuploidy
        
        change of basic number
      - polyploidy
        
        allopolyploidy
        
        hybridization
        
        autopolyploidy
        
        contribute to evolution of new species
        
        frequently develop
        
        tree breeding
        
        large bunga
        
        result of apomixis
      - euploidy
    - - limited in taxonomy
  - - - interphase
        
        resting period
        
        non mitotic phase
    - - somatic/ vegetative
      - synapses occurs
        
        crossing over
        
        causes genetic variation
      - sexual reproduction
      - chiasmata
        
        prophase 1
        
        recombination of genes
  - - - plastid genome
    - - 2 set of genome
  - - - heredity in forest trees
      - genetic var & inheritance in forest trees
  - - - genetic mat from 2 parents blend/dilute
      - blue yellow = green
    - - parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes)
  - - - specific trait
    - - trait
      - specific characteristics
      - vary form ind to ind
- - - - macrospore of mothers cell
- - - - fixed position/location
        
        on a strand of dna
  - - - actg
    - - lack 1 oxygen
    - - phosphate group
    - - provide framework
- - - - selfing is a powerful inbreeding
        
        cause pop to accumulate homozygocity
- - - - heterozygous
    - - masked by dominant allele
      - homozygous condition
- - - - purple raddish
- - - - gymnosperms
    - - enzymes
- - - - large scale evolution
      - froups of species
      - speciation
    - - changes in allele frequencies
      - population ofver tine
      - genetic variation
    - - dont lead to debt of new spp
    - - evolutionary factors can overlap
      - evolutionary factors
        
        natural selection
        
        inherited ability
        
        survive & reproduce
        
        survival of the fittest
        
        biological fitness
        
        types
        
        stabilizing selection
        
        extreme alleles are culled out
        
        intermediate form
        average form
        
        favored
        
        directional selection
        
        favor individual
        
        extremes
        
        tall only or short only
        
        disruptive selection
        
        intermediate forms are not
        
        extreme forms are favored
        
        both tall and short are favored
        not the average
        
        mutation
        
        random changes in gene info
        
        point mutation
        
        error in dna rep
        
        chromosomal
        
        frameshift mutation
        
        prerequisite of any genetic variation
        
        genetic drift
        
        random fluctuations of gene structure
        
        limited pop size
        
        cause bottleneck
        
        founder effect
        
        1 more item...
        
        gene flow
        
        migration
        
        leading to geneflow
        
        increase diversity
        
        movement of inds or introduction of genes
        from one pop to another
        
        types
        
        emigration
        
        pop loses alleles
        
        immigration
        
        pop gains alleles
        
        factors affecting
        
        pollinators
        
        seed dispersal
        
        breeding
- - - - barochory
        
        narrow
        
        like under canopy only
      - anemochory
        
        more efficient than barochory
      - endozoochory
        
        wide but clustered
        
        under rest trees of birds, bats
- - - - low survive & reproduce