Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Wildlife Biology & Ecology - Coggle Diagram
Wildlife Biology & Ecology
wildlife mgmt
control
distribution
abundance
quality
distribution abundance & quality
soil & soil fertility
foos
cover
movement
reproduction
understand their biology
conservation
Wildlife Nutrition
food & nutrition
water
digestion
most essential nutrient
needed in greater quantity
sources
free water
external sources
most wildlife
preformed water
water in food
marine wildlife
metabolic water
by product of metabolic reactions
needed by hybernating wildlife
requirements
1/3 to 2/3 of the body mass adult
increase wildlife pop.
carbs & fats
special nutrients
minerals
nutritional ecology
nutrients
maintenance
growth
production
reproduction
preferences
preferred foods
emergency foods
starvation foods
sustained yield
control
temperature
migration
cope
adapt
occupy where temp is constant
generate & trap heat internally
endotherms
regulate own temperature
cover requirements
enhance reproduction or survival
components
structural components
type
density
water depth
topography
slope
microclimate
temp
wind
light intensity
humidity
Wildlife Movements
Local movements
w/in certain locality
Migratory movements
one region to another
key concept
home range
normal daily activity
area traverses
key areas/ critical areas
part of home range
limiting habitat resources are lcoated
highly localized
territory
part of home range
defended
exclude other animals
conspecifics
dispersal
permanent abandonment of home range
emigration
cruising ability
max ability to traverse area
search its habitat requirements
juxtaposition
closeness
proximity of habitat requirements
homing
ability of animal to return to home range
imprinting
stable preference
exposure for a short time during early life
critical period
migration
2 way movement
seasonally used hoem ranges
zoogeography
evolution, dispersal, recession & extinction of animal taxa thu M years of earths history
Reproduction
concepts
fecundity
ability to produce eggs
fecundity rate
no. of eggs produces per female
natality
production of new individuals
n rate
no. of your n
recruitment
production of sexually mature animas
r. rate
no. of
productivity
rate @ w/c a pop increases
rate @ harvestable surplus
biotic potential
upper limit on pops rate of increase
theoretical, genetically imposed
monogamy
pairing of M & F for at least a breeding season
common in birds
prone to extinction
polygamy
pair w/ several individual
reptiles & amphibians
Pop. density
no. of animals per unit area
ecological density
no. of animals relative to the quantity & quality of their habitat resources
pop structure
density
use of indices
pop trend
estimated is difficult
sampling is difficult & expensive
wildlife mortality
starvation & malnutrition
water is important
harvest
accidents
predation & parasitism
exposure to severe weather condition
diseases
density dependent mortality
increase in mortality as pop. increases
competition
predation
density independent mortality
not influenced by changes in pop abundance
catastrophic events
compensatory mortality
combine effect
total mortality remains constant
concept
harvestable surplus
can be harvested w/ affecting size of pop in some later time
sustainable yield
epizootics
widespread disease outbreak
wildlife pop
zoonotic
willife to human vise versa
Ecological Succession & Wildlife
climax adapted sp
ph eagle, hornbills
species of developmental stages
warblers & birds spp
dispersers
1st in succession process
spp requiring a mixture of successional stages
tamaraw
many ecosystems
deer, rats, owl, doves
wildlife mgmt
process of managing wildlife pop
preserve, increase or decrease
human manipulation & decisions are present
active or passive
direct or indirect
blend of art & science
process of gathering info & making decisions to manipulate habitat, resources & people in an effort to achieve human goals
concepts
game management
art of making land produce sustained annual crops of wild game for recreational use
mgmt of wildlife pop in the context of the ecosystem
application of ecological knowledge of vertebrate animals & their plant and animal associated
balance bet the needs of those and needs of people
interdisciplinaty view
WILDLIFE MGMT TRIAD
wildlife pop
environment & habitat
human
cultural systems
social structures
institutions
use basic & applied sciences
integrated approacs
decision science
required application of skill, knowledge, logic, ethics & imagination
purpose
regulate native wildlife pop
avoid damage in ecosystem
exotic spp may increase
species extinction
conserve threatened spp
control diseases
sustainable extraction of nat. resources
protect
poaching
illegal harvest
kinds
manipulative mgmt
does something to a pop
direct
indirect
done when a
pop is to be harvested
low density of pop
unacceptable high pop
custodial mgmt
preventative/ protective
minimize external influences
protect home range
allow them to revive on their own
appropriate
nat parks
conservation
outside threat
diseases
removed
key elements
mgmt problem is correctly identified
goal of mgmt addresses solution
criteria for assessing success of mgmt
goals
pop reduction of undesirable spp
sustainable mgmt of pop
harvesting
maintain desirable pop
protect & support threatened spp.
3 main decision
desired goal
academe
community
stakeholders
appropriate mgmt option
what action of mgmt best achieved
wildlife conservation
form of mgmt
dynamix process
wise use of wildlife resrouves
approaches
in situ approach
on site
ex situ approach
relocation
ex
translocation
human mediated movement
depend
ind behavior
decision making
2 approaches
reinforcement
intentional movement & release
speed up learnign process
ecxisting pop
re introduction
w/in indigenous range
disappeared
key goal
shorten time to become well acquainted
shorten time to learn to obtain resources
ph eagle foundation